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Taxonomic notes:
The genus is easily recognized by the presence of highly ornate deciduous calyx lobes and fruiting heads with free fruitlets. The calyx lobes are characteristic for many species but usually lacking on mature fruiting material. Complete material with young flowering heads and material with mature corollas together with a vegetative bud is required to be able to identified the species. Fruiting material is difficult or imposssible to identify with certanity. Knowledge of some species found in Celebes and the Moluccas remains scanty, many species known only from the type collection. (From: Ridsdale 1989.)
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