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(Last Modified On 11/13/2012)
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(Last Modified On 11/13/2012)
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Genus
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RUBUS L.
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Contributor
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L. H. BAILEY
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PlaceOfPublication
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Gen. PI. ed. 5, no. 557. 1754.
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Description
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Woody plants, erect or trailing or somewhat climbing, bearing flowers and fruits on canes of the second year; in the first year the growths from the root are called primocanes, and in the second year are known as floricanes when they bear fruit and perish; axes usually bear sharp prickles, and often hairs and stalked glands; leaves (in the known Panama species) 3 -foliolate or 5-foliolate except sometimes a few of them simple in the inflorescence, frequently more or less per- sisting until the following year; inflorescence racemiform or paniculiform, axillary and usually terminating the canes, pedicels often lengthening in fruit; flowers perfect and complete (in our species); calyx 5-lobed, sometimes glandiferous; petals 5, distinct; stamens numerous, surpassing the head of many small closely packed pistils; fruit a syncarp composed of small simple coherent drupelets that are either attached as a body to the receptacle (blackberries) or forming a cap (raspberries) that falls intact from the receptacle.
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Note
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Hundreds of species in many parts of the world, particularly in the North Temperate Zone, in the tropics usually on higher lands and mountains. The branmbles of Panama are not yet fully collected or well understood, and some of the identifications are subject to modification. Good complete specimens are needed to verify the determinations, with both primocane and floricane parts from the same plant, together with notes on stature and habit. I. Blackberries. Fruit (syncarp) composed of drupelets that adhere to receptacle and the aggregation falling as one body or "berry"; drupe- lets rather large, mostly loosely aggregated; main stems or axes usually angled or furrowed, neither glossy or pruinose.
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Key
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a. Axes of canes and inflorescence not hairy or hispid or setose, more or less closely pubescent; fruits pendent ................................................ .......... 1. R. PANAMANUS aa. Axes prominently hairy or hispid or setose; fruits erect. b. Canes beset with glandiferous hairs-................................................. 2. R. PRAECIPUUS bb. Canes not glandiferous. c. Leaflets abruptly contracted into very narrow apex; canes pubes- cent but not densely long-hairy; prickles many; clusters very denseU................................................................................................. 3. R . TANTUS cc. Leaflets gradually acuminate, somewhat pubescent; canes thickly shaggy; prickles few; clusters open ...................................................... 4. R. TRICHOMALLUS II. Raspberries. Fruit a cup of drupelets separating from the receptacle (which remains on the plant); drupelets small, much compacted; main stems or axes usually evenly terete, polished and mostly pruinose . 5. R. GLAUCUS
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