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0
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Key based on male plants
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+
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Key based on female plants
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+
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Key based on vegetative characters
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1
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Stamens 3 or more per flower.
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(2)
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+
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Stamens 2 per flower.
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(3)
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+
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Capsule glabrous.
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(2)
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+
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Capsule hairy.
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(16)
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+
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Dwarf shrubs, prostrate or procumbent, up to 15 cm tall (section Lindleyana).
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(2)
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+
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Erect shrubs or trees, more than 30 cm tall.
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(3)
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2 (1)
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Dwarf shrubs of alpine areas; leaves generally not exceeding 2.5 cm.
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(3)
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+
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Small or large shrubs or trees.
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(4)
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+
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Catkins 5-13 cm long, lax, flowers present in whorls.
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2 Salix tetrasperma
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+
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Catkins 1.5-4-(5) cm long, dense.
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1 Salix acmophylla
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+
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Lamina elliptic, ovate or suborbicular or spathulate-obovate, margin glandular serrate or crenate.
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18 Salix flabellaris
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+
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Lamina oblong-lanceolate, obovate-oblong, oblong, margins serrulate to crenulate.
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19 Salix lindleyana
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3 (1)
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Dwarf shrubs, prostrate or procumbent, usually less than 30 cm tall.
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(4)
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+
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Erect shrubs or trees, more than 30 cm tall.
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(5)
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+
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Lamina green, at least 5 times as long as wide, usually linear, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate.
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(4)
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+
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Lamina rarely slightly grayish blue, less than 5 times as long as wide, often elliptic to suborbicular or oblong to obovate-oblong.
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(17)
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+
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Rachis of the female catkin hairy; catkin 10-45 mm long; leaf margin crenate or serrate.
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18 Salix flabellaris
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+
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Rachis of the female catkin glabrous; cakin 7.5-12.7 mm long; leaf margin entire.
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19 Salix lindleyana
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|
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4 (2)
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Branches long drooping, tree with a ‘weeping’ habit.
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(5)
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+
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Branches erect spreading, not drooping.
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(6)
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+
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Lamina more than 11 times as long as broad.
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(5)
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+
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Lamina not as above.
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(6)
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+
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Catkins lateral, terminal on short leafy shoots, slightly loosely flowered, 10-45 mm long; rachis hairy; lamina elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, 7-35 x 5-24 mm.
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18 Salix flabellaris
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+
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Catkins terminal, only few flowered 7.5-12.7 mm long; rachis glabrous, lamina oblong, obovate lanceolate, 5-21 x 5-8 mm.
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19 Salix lindleyana
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|
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5 (3)
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Filaments glabrous.
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(6)
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+
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Filaments hairy at the base.
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(17)
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+
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Leaves in the catkin producing region much smaller. Nectary one, longer than the stipe.
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13 Salix babylonica
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+
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Leaves in the catkin producing region ± of the same size. Nectaries 1-2 per flower, equalling the fruit stipe (0.2-0.8 mm).
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12 Salix alba
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+
|
Leaf (1.5)-4-8.5 cm x 3-10 mm.
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7 Salix blakii
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+
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Leaf 2-4 cm x 0.2-0.3 (0.5) cm.
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3 Salix wilhelmsiana
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6 (4)
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Filaments partly or completely united.
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(7)
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+
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Filaments free.
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(9)
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+
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Bract, ovary and fruit not as above.
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(7)
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+
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Lamina 6-7(-8) times as long as broad
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(7)
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+
|
Lamina 5 times or less as long as broad.
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(8)
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+
|
Bract, ovary and fruit reddish violet.
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11 Salix karelinii
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|
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7 (6)
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Petiole 2-10 mm, lamina 7 mm or more broad.
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(8)
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+
|
Branches not covered by the white bloom.
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(8)
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+
|
Branches with white bloom, lamina margin serrulate.
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5 Salix capusii
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+
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Branches mostly covered with white bloom, stipe of the ovary c. 1 mm long.
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5 Salix capusii
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+
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Petiole 1-2 mm, lamina 2-3 mm broad.
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3 Salix wilhelmsiana
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+
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Branches not as above, margin minutely acutely toothed.
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4 Salix koeieana
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8 (6)
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Twigs not as above; leaf surfaces not differently coloured.
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+
|
Fruiting catkin >1 cm long.
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(9)
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+
|
Lamina silky tomentose or villous at least on one side.
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(9)
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+
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Lamina not as above.
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(11)
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+
|
Twigs dark brown or purplish; adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces differently coloured.
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11 Salix karelinii
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+
|
Fruiting catkin c. 1 cm long.
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26 Salix nuristanica
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9 (6)
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Twigs and leaves silvery or grey tomentose.
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(10)
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+
|
Twigs glabrous or juvenile branchlets white, pilose; one year old branchlets glabrous; leaves not as above.
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(14)
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+
|
Lamina not as above.
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(10)
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+
|
Lamina (linear-) lanceolate, obovate, villous.
|
|
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+
|
Lamina linear, lanceolate or oblong to ovate-oblong, not villous.
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(10)
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+
|
Lamina ovate or elliptic-oblong, tip obtuse, sometimes acute; stigma subsessile.
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9a Salix denticulata Andersson subsp. denticulata
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|
|
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10 (9)
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Lamina less than ? as broad as long.
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(11)
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+
|
Leaf lanceolate to linear lanceolate or ovate lanceolate or elliptic or broadly elliptic, tip not oblique.
|
(11)
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|
+
|
Lamina linear, lanceolate, (5)-12-20 x 0.5-2-(4) cm, lateral veins 25-30 pairs.
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20 Salix viminalis
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|
+
|
Lamina about half as broad as long; margin sinuate-erose; filaments >= 7 mm.
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22 Salix aegyptiaca
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+
|
Leaf elliptic or oblong-obovate, tip shortly acuminate, usually oblique.
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23 Salix fedtschenkoi
|
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+
|
Lamina broadly lanceolate, oblong to ovate-oblong, 4.5-14 x 1-2.5 cm, lateral veins 16-18-(20) pairs.
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21 Salix turanica
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|
|
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11 (8)
|
Male catkin sessile or subsessile.
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(12)
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|
+
|
Male catkin pedunculate.
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(13)
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|
+
|
Fruiting catkin 5 cm or more in length.
|
(12)
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|
+
|
Fruiting catkin mostly less than 5 cm in length.
|
(14)
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|
+
|
Leaf green above, paler or lighter below.
|
(12)
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|
+
|
Leaf not as above.
|
(13)
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|
|
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12 (11)
|
Fruiting catkin 10 cm or less in length stipules < 1 cm long.
|
(13)
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|
+
|
Leaf 15-20 x 0.5-2-(4) cm, lateral veins 25-30 pairs, male catkin 2.5-3 x 1.5 cm.
|
20 Salix viminalis
|
|
+
|
Stipules conspicuous, semicordate with gland-tipped teeth; petiole 5-18 mm.
|
2 Salix tetrasperma
|
|
+
|
Stipules minute caducous; petiole 2.5-9 mm.
|
1 Salix acmophylla
|
|
+
|
Leaf 4.5-14 x 1-2.5 cm, lateral veins 16-18 (-20) pairs; male catkin 2.5-5 x 1-1.5 cm.
|
21 Salix turanica
|
|
+
|
Fruiting catkin 10-18 cm in length; stipules up to 1.3 cm long.
|
16 Salix dolichostachya
|
|
|
|
13 (11)
|
Branches pendulous.
|
(14)
|
|
+
|
Branches not pendulous.
|
(15)
|
|
+
|
Male catkin at anthesis c. 1.5-2.5 x 0.8-1-(1.2) cm.
|
|
|
+
|
Fruiting catkin lax; fruit stipe 0.5-3 mm, capsule 3.5-5 mm long.
|
2 Salix tetrasperma
|
|
+
|
Male catkin at anthesis c. (1.5)-2.5-3-(4) x 1-1.5 cm.
|
17 Salix wallichiana
|
|
+
|
Fruiting catkin not lax; fruit stipe 0.1-0.8 mm, capsule 4-6 mm long.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
|
|
14 (9)
|
Leaf exstipulate, tip obtuse, mucronate.
|
|
|
+
|
Leaf stipulate, tip acute or acuminate.
|
(15)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(15)
|
|
+
|
Young branchlets glabrous.
|
13 Salix babylonica
|
|
+
|
Young branchlets tomentose; young leaves silvery sericeous, rarely subglabrescent.
|
12 Salix alba
|
|
+
|
Lamina broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate.
|
14 Salix excelsa
|
|
|
|
15 (13)
|
Leaf tip obliquely acuminate.
|
(16)
|
|
+
|
Stipules caducous.
|
(16)
|
|
+
|
Fruit stipe 0.4-1.8 (-2.5) mm, capsule 3-5.5 mm.
|
1 Salix acmophylla
|
|
+
|
Fruit stipe 0.1-0.8 mm, capsule 4-6 mm.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
+
|
Stipules, not caducous, glandular dentate.
|
8 Salix sericocarpa
|
|
+
|
Leaf tip acute.
|
16 Salix dolichostachya
|
|
|
|
16 (1)
|
Lamina not as above. Capsule <= 7 mm.
|
(17)
|
|
+
|
Young branchlets tomentose; young leaves silvery sericeous, rarely subglabrous.
|
12 Salix alba
|
|
+
|
Lamina about half as broad as long; margin sinuate-erose. Capsule 7-9 mm.
|
22 Salix aegyptiaca
|
|
+
|
Twigs not as above, adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces not differently coloured.
|
23 Salix fedtschenkoi
|
|
+
|
Twigs dark brown, purplish, adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces differently coloured.
|
11 Salix karelinii
|
|
+
|
Young branchlets glabrous, shiny; leaves slightly pilose or appressed pubescent, glabrescent to subglabrous.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
|
|
17 (3)
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(18)
|
|
+
|
Stipules semicordate or reniform.
|
(18)
|
|
+
|
Stipules not as above.
|
(22)
|
|
+
|
Filaments free.
|
(18)
|
|
+
|
Filaments partly or completely connate.
|
(27)
|
|
+
|
Lamina elliptic to subrhomboidal, rarely ovate, narrowed at the base, tip shortly acuminate (capsule stipe 1-3 mm).
|
15 Salix iliensis
|
|
|
|
18 (17)
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(19)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(19)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(19)
|
|
+
|
Lamina about half as broad as long; margin sinuate-erose.
|
22 Salix aegyptiaca
|
|
+
|
Lamina elliptic, oblong or obovate, 2.5-6.5 x 1.2-2.4 cm, tip obtuse to acute.
|
9 Salix denticulata
|
|
+
|
Lamina elliptic, oblong or ovate, 2.5-6.5 x 1.2-2.4 cm, tip obtuse or acute.
|
9b Salix denticulata subsp. hazarica
|
|
|
|
19 (18)
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(20)
|
|
+
|
Branches not covered by white bloom.
|
(20)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(20)
|
|
+
|
Lamina green glabrous above, pale beneath.
|
2 Salix tetrasperma
|
|
+
|
Branches mostly covered by white bloom.
|
5 Salix capusii
|
|
+
|
Lamina elliptic to subrhomboidal, narrowed at base, shortly acuminate.
|
15 Salix iliensis
|
|
|
|
20 (19)
|
Lamina 5 cm or more long.
|
(21)
|
|
+
|
Leaf silky on the lower side.
|
(21)
|
|
+
|
Leaf not silky on the lower side.
|
(24)
|
|
+
|
Petiole 5-10-16(-17) mm, lamina silky when young, persistently silky or nearly glabrous when mature or hairy above on the midrib, glabrous beneath.
|
(21)
|
|
+
|
Petiole 3-5 mm; lamina pilose, becoming glabrous.
|
15 Salix iliensis
|
|
+
|
Lamina less than 5 cm long.
|
25 Salix sclerophylla
|
|
|
|
21 (20)
|
Branches drooping.
|
(22)
|
|
+
|
Branches erect.
|
(23)
|
|
+
|
Catkin 1.5-5 cm long.
|
(22)
|
|
+
|
Catkin 5-8 cm long.
|
17 Salix wallichiana
|
|
+
|
Branches silky tomentose. Lamina entire or serrulate.
|
17 Salix wallichiana
|
|
+
|
Young branches pubescent, one year old subglabrous to glabrous. Lamina serrate.
|
16 Salix dolichostachya
|
|
|
|
22 (17)
|
Leaf (linear-) lanceolate, obovate, villous. Capsule 5-7 mm long.
|
|
|
+
|
Leaf linear, lanceolate or oblong to ovate-oblong, not villous. Capsule 4-6 mm long.
|
(23)
|
|
+
|
Lamina green above, pale beneath.
|
(23)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(25)
|
|
+
|
Male catkin up to 2.5 cm long.
|
13 Salix babylonica
|
|
+
|
Male catkin 2.5-5 cm long.
|
12 Salix alba
|
|
|
|
23 (21)
|
Leaf <= 3 cm broad.
|
(24)
|
|
+
|
Leaf >= 3 cm broad.
|
(26)
|
|
+
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(24)
|
|
+
|
Leaf linear, lanceolate, (5)-12-20 x 0.5-2-(4) cm, lateral veins 25-30 pairs.
|
20 Salix viminalis
|
|
+
|
Lamina linear lanceolate, acute-acuminate, 5-16 x (0.5)-0.7-2 cm.
|
1 Salix acmophylla
|
|
+
|
Leaf broadly lanceolate, oblong to ovate-oblong, 4.5-14 x 1-2.5 cm, lateral veins 16-18-(20) pairs.
|
21 Salix turanica
|
|
|
|
24 (20)
|
Catkin 2 cm or less long.
|
(25)
|
|
+
|
Catkin 3 cm or more long.
|
(28)
|
|
+
|
Stipules caducous, small, lanceolate or subulate.
|
(25)
|
|
+
|
Twigs dark brown or purplish, lamina ovate, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, base rotund to subcordate, tip briefly acuminate, generally oblique.
|
11 Salix karelinii
|
|
+
|
Twigs not purplish. Lamina elliptic, oblong or ovate, base not rotund to subcordate, tip obtuse to acute not oblique.
|
9 Salix denticulata
|
|
+
|
Stipules up to 1.3 cm long, semicordate, serrate.
|
16 Salix dolichostachya
|
|
|
|
25 (22)
|
Lamina generally more than 1 cm broad.
|
(27)
|
|
+
|
Lamina 9 mm or less broad.
|
(26)
|
|
+
|
Lamina tip shortly acuminate, oblique.
|
(26)
|
|
+
|
Lamina tip not as above.
|
(27)
|
|
+
|
Catkin 3-4 mm broad before emergence of anthers; bracts usually less than 1 mm broad; anther 0.5-0.6 (-0.7) mm.
|
12 Salix alba
|
|
+
|
Catkin 4-5 mm broad before emergence of anthers; bracts usually more than 1 mm broad; anthers (0.7-) 0.8-0.9 mm.
|
14 Salix excelsa
|
|
|
|
26 (23)
|
Stipules minute.
|
17 Salix wallichiana
|
|
+
|
Lamina glabrous.
|
23 Salix fedtschenkoi
|
|
+
|
Branches pubescent or silky, rarely glabrate. Leaf exstipute, hairy on the sides, becoming glabrescent, 2-4 mm broad.
|
3 Salix wilhelmsiana
|
|
+
|
Branches glabrous. Leaves stipulate, glabrous or the lower side in young leaves scantily silky, 3-7-(9) mm broad.
|
4 Salix koeieana
|
|
+
|
Stipules up to 1.3 cm.
|
16 Salix dolichostachya
|
|
+
|
Lamina villous on both the sides.
|
26 Salix nuristanica
|
|
|
|
27 (17)
|
Branches not covered by white bloom.
|
(28)
|
|
+
|
Young branches reddish brown, reddish black or purplish red.
|
(28)
|
|
+
|
Young branches not as above.
|
(29)
|
|
+
|
Branches mostly covered by white bloom.
|
5 Salix capusii
|
|
+
|
Lamina elliptic, ovate or ovate to suborbicular. Stigma 4-lobed. Glands 2.
|
25 Salix sclerophylla
|
|
+
|
Lamina oblong, elliptic or lanceolate. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Gland 1.
|
10 Salix caesia
|
|
|
|
28 (24)
|
Catkin 2 cm or less long.
|
(29)
|
|
+
|
Catkin more than 2 cm long.
|
(30)
|
|
+
|
Lamina 1 cm or less broad.
|
(29)
|
|
+
|
Lamina generally broader than 1 cm.
|
(30)
|
|
+
|
Leaf elliptic, ovate or obovate to suborbicular, 2-3.4 x 1-2 cm.
|
25 Salix sclerophylla
|
|
+
|
Leaf oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5-3 x 0.3-1 cm.
|
10 Salix caesia
|
|
|
|
29 (27)
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(30)
|
|
+
|
Ovary and capsule stipitate, stigmas 4 as upright lobes.
|
7 Salix blakii
|
|
+
|
Lamina broadly elliptic, narrowed towards the base, tip shortly acuminate.
|
14 Salix excelsa
|
|
+
|
Ovary and capsule sessile, stigma entire or bilobed.
|
3 Salix wilhelmsiana
|
|
+
|
Young branches reddish brown or reddish black; leaves oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, catkin sessile.
|
10 Salix caesia
|
|
+
|
Young branches not as above; leaves narrowly lanceolate, peduncle 1-4 mm long.
|
4 Salix koeieana
|
|
|
|
30 (28)
|
Lamina not as above.
|
(31)
|
|
+
|
Stipules linear, lanceolate. Stigmas 2-4, shorter or equal to the style. Capsule stipe 0, 1-10 mm long; fruit 4-6 mm long.
|
(31)
|
|
+
|
Stipules absent; lamina silky tomentose on both the sides or glabrescent above.
|
|
|
+
|
Stipules present; lamina silky beneath becoming glabrous on both sides or glabrous except on the midrib above, pubescent below.
|
(31)
|
|
+
|
Stipules minute or semicordate, coarsely toothed. Stigmas 2-4, longer than the style. Capsule stipe 0.7-2 mm long; fruit 5-9 mm long.
|
17 Salix wallichiana
|
|
+
|
Lamina oblong, elliptic or obovate, 2.5-6.5x 1.2-2.4 cm, obtuse or acute.
|
9 Salix denticulata
|
|
|
|
31 (30)
|
Filaments completely connate.
|
(32)
|
|
+
|
Stipules not persistent.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
+
|
Stipules not persistent.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
+
|
Stipules persistent.
|
8 Salix sericocarpa
|
|
+
|
Stipules persistent.
|
8 Salix sericocarpa
|
|
+
|
Filaments partly connate.
|
8 Salix sericocarpa
|
|
|
|
32 (31)
|
Lamina (1.5)-4-8.5 x 0.3-1 cm.
|
7 Salix blakii
|
|
+
|
Lamina (2.3)-4-10 x 0.5-2.5 cm.
|
6 Salix pycnostachya
|
|
|
|
9999
|
Note: Salix nuristanica A. K. Skvortsov could not be keyed due to lack of male plants.
|
|
|
|