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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Genus
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Jacaranda Juss.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Gen. P1. 138. 1789.
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Note
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TYPE: J. caerulea (L.) St. Hilaire.
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Synonym
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Iacaranda Persoon, Syn. Mant. 2: 173. 1805, sphalma. Kordelestris Arruda in Koster, Trav. Braz. 1: 500. 1816, fide Index Kewensis. Rafinesquia Raf., Sylva Tell. 79. 1838, non Nutt. TYPE: R. caerulea (L.) Raf. = Jacaranda caerulea (L.) St. Hilaire. Etorloba Raf., Sylva Tell. 79. 1838, Pteropodium DC. ex Meissn., Gen. 300; Comm. 209. 1840. LECTOTYPE: P. glabrum DC.- Jacaranda glabra (DC.) Bur. & K. Schum.
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Description
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Mostly medium-sized to large trees (some Brazilian species are shrubs or subshrubs). Leaves usually bipinnate (rarely pinnate or even simple in some Brazilian species). Inflorescence a few- to many-flowered terminal or axillary panicle, sometimes from the old wood. Flowers with the calyx short and broadly campanulate to cupular, more or less truncate, usually 5-denticulate or acutely 5-lobed; corolla blue or blue-purple tubular-campanulate, pubescent to essentially glabrous outside; anthers glabrous, often 1-thecate, the staminode elongate, ex- ceeding the stamens, variously glandular-pubescent especially at the tip; pollen grains 3-colpate, the exine smooth; ovary flattened-cylindrical, glabrous or pu- bescent (even in the same species), the ovules ca. 8-seriate in each locule; disc pulvinate. Fruit an oblong capsule strongly flattened perpendicularly to the septum, dehiscing perpendicularly to the septum and parallel to the plane of compression, the valves variously glabrous or lepidote, often with undulate mar- gins; seeds thin, winged, the wings membranaceous, hyaline or brownish.
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Habit
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trees
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Note
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About 30 species of tropical America ranging from southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina, widely cultivated in the Old World. Opposite bicom- pound leaves distinguish most species of Jacaranda from other New World trees of the Bignoniaceae.
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Distribution
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ranging from southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina, widely cultivated in the Old World.
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Reference
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Dugand, A. Sobre Jacaranda (Bignoniaceae) de Colombia y Venezuela. Mutisia 23: 1-16. 1954.
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Key
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a. Corolla tube densely puberulous outside; fruit drying black or brown without freckling of paler spots, the margin not undulate. b. Calyx tubular-cupular; inflorescence a racemose panicle; fruit oblong; leaflets large (more than 1.5 cm long and 0.8 cm wide); native, rarely cultivated ...... 2. J. copaia bb. Calyx short, broadly campanulate; inflorescence an open panicle; fruit suborbicular; leaflets small (less than 1.2 cm long and 0.4 cm wide); cultivated exotic, mostly at higher elevations ...... 3. J. mimosifolia aa. Corolla tube glabrate outside, glandular pubescent at the base; fruit drying blackish with a freckling of tan or whitish spots, the margin more or less undulate at maturity ...... 1. J. caucana
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