Cardamine glacialis (G. Forster) de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 264. 1821. Sisymbrium glaciale G. Forster, Comm. Soc. Regiiae Göttingen 9: 32. 1789. TYPE: Argentina, Tierra del Fuego: Ushuaia, J. R & G. Forster s.n. (holotype, BM, not seen).

Sisymbrium grandiflorum Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, ed. 2, 292. 1810; non S. grandiflorum Weddell, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 5, 1: 290. 1864; nec S. grandiflorum Post, Pl. Postinae 1: 3. 1890. TYPE: Chile, Collector? (holotype, BOLO?). Neither type nor original publication seen.

Cardamine pratensis Linnaeus var. minor Barnéoud in Gay, Fl. Chile 1: 114. 1845. TYPE: Chile, C. Gay s.n. (holotype, P, not seen)

Cardamine glacialis var. pumila A. Gray, A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. Wilkes 1: 49. 1854. TYPE: Tierra del Fuego, collector? (holotype, GH?, or US?).

Cardamine glacialis var. elatior A. Gray, A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. Wilkes 1: 49. 1854. TYPE: Tierra del Fuego, Orange Harbor, 1838-1842, Wilkes s.n. (holotype, GH?, or US?; isotype, P!).

Cardamine antiscorbutica Banks & Solander ex Grisebach, Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 6: 115. 1854; C. hirsuta Linnaeus var. antiscorbutica (Banks & Solander ex Grisebach) Reiche, Fl. Chile 1: 100. 1896 TYPE: Chile, Magallanes, Brunswick Peninsula, Sandy Point, Lechler 1116 (lectotype, here designated, GOET, not seen; isotypes, G!, NY!, 4P!, SGO!). Grisebach (1854) listed both Lechler 1116 and 1161 under the description of C. antiscorbutica. The latter collection was taken by Stuedel as the type of C. strictula.

Cardamine strictula Steudel, Flora 39: 410. 1856. TYPE: Chile, Magellan: Sandy Point, Lechler 1161 (holotype, P!; isotypes, …; fragment, BAA!.).

Cardamine gongylodes Philippi, Linnaea 28: 664. 1856. TYPE: Chile, Chonos Island, Fr. Fonk 83 (holotype, SGO-49417!; fragments, BAA!).

Cardamine magellanica Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 41: 666. 1872; C. hirsuta Linnaeus var. magellanica (Philippi) Reiche, Fl. Chile 1: 100. 1896. TYPE: Chile, Del Strecho de Magallanes, Philippi s.n. (holotype, SGO-…). not seen, and no sheets listed by Muñoz (1960).

Cardamine litoralis Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 27(2): 313. 1865; C. glacialis subsp. litoralis (Philippi) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 541. 1903. TYPE: Chile, Valdivia: boca del río Hueicolla, Nov. 1864, F. Philippi 59 (holotype, SGO-63893!; fragments, BAA!). The type information was copied from Muñoz (1960) who listed also SGO-49422 as part of the type collection. I have not seen the latter sheet.

Cardamine palenae Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 81: 80. 1892. TYPE: Chile, Río Palena, Jan-Feb. 1887, Federico Delfin s.n. (holotype, SGO-71618!). Although Muñoz (1960) listed and annotated another sheet, SGO-63892!, as part of the type collection, the sheet does not carry Philippi’s hand writing about the collector and locality given above and, therefore, it should not be considered as part of the type material.

Cardamine soehrensii Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 81: 84. 1892; C. hirsuta Linnaeus var. soehrensii (Philippi) Reiche, Fl. Chile 1: 100. 1896; C. glacialis var. soehrensii (Philippi) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jarhb. Syst. 32: 543. 1903. TYPE: Chile, Andes of Prov. Santiago, horto botanico (as H. B.), October 1890, Philippi s.n. (holotype, SGO-71636!). Muñoz (1960) listed SGO-63892 as another specimen of the type collection, but I have not seen that.

Cardamine glacialis var. pubescens Philippi ex O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 541. 1903. TYPE: Chile, Bridges s.n. (holotype, B!; isotype, G!).

            Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes much thickened, short, forming a tuberous stem base, not scaly. Stems (2-)7-45(-115) cm, erect, 1 to numerous from base, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent throughout, slender or stout, lowermost nodes without adventitious roots. Basal leaves and lowermost cauline compound, 2-15 cm, 3-11(-15)-foliolate, glabrous to densely pubescent; petiole (1-)2-9(-11) cm; terminal leaflet (0.4-)0.8-3.8(-5) ´ 0.7-3(-4) cm, ovate to obovate or suborbicular to subreniform, obtusely dentate to repand or entire, with petiolule 0.3-1.7(-3) cm; lateral leaflets ovate to oblong, 0.3-2(-3.5) ´ 0.2-1.5(-2.5) cm, sessile or on a petiolule 0.5-4(-6) mm, entire to repand or dentate; upper cauline leaves similar to lower ones in shape and size though sometimes smaller upwards. Racemes ebracteate; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels 4-15(-25) mm, ascending to suberect, slender or stout, straight, often forming a straight line with fruit. Sepals oblong to broadly ovate, (1.7-)2-3 ´ 0.8-1.5 mm; petals white, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 4-7(-8.5) ´ 1.5-3 mm, gradually narrowed to base, apex obtuse; filaments 2-4 mm; anthers ovate, 0.5-0.8 mm; ovules 20-32 per ovary. Fruits linear, (1,6-)2-3.5(-4) cm ´ 1.2-2 mm, not attenuate at apex; style stout, (0.3-)0.5-1.5(-2) mm. Seeds brown, ovate, 1-1.7 ´ 0.7-1 mm, wingless.

Flowering: Oct-Mar.

Habitat: moist shade under Nothofagus trees, spring seepage, swamps, costal dunes, mossy and sandy humus over rocks.

Elevation: 0-1450 m.

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego), Chile (Región X, XI, XII), Falkland Islands.

Notes: Of the several infraspecific taxa recognized by Schulz (1903) in Cardamine glacialis, perhaps subsp. litoralis might merit recognition. It differs from typical plants of the species by being robust plants with coarser leaves, shorter styles, and wider fruits. Although most plants that appear to belong to this variant were collected in the area Valdivia and other collections listed above under Región X, this variation is sporadic elsewhere, and many intermediate forms connect the two extremes of the species.