Tropicos | Name - Cardamine chenopodiifolia Pers.

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Cardamine chenopodiifolia Pers.

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Cardamine chenopodiifolia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 195. 1807. TYPE: Uruguay, Montevidio, 1767, Commerson s.n. (holotype, P-JU; isotype, P!).

Sisymbrium spathulatum Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 221. 1806; Arabis spathulata (Poiret) de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 227. 1821, non Cardamine spathulata Michaux, Fl. Boreal. Amer. 2: 29. 1803. TYPE: Uruguay, Montevidio, 1767, Commerson s.n. (holotype, P-JU; isotype, P!; fragments, BAA!).

Sisymbrium bellidifolium Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 220. 1806; Arabis commersonii de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 228. 1821, non Cardamine bellidifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753, nec A. bellidifolia Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 1, Fasc. 1, 42. 1762. TYPE: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Commerson s.n. (holotype, P-JU; isotype, P!).

Heterocarpus fernandezianus Philippi, Bot. Zeit. 14: 641. 1856; Cardamine fernandezianua Johow, Estud. Fl. Juan Fernand. 110. 1896. TYPE: ……Muñoz Pizzaro (1960) listed Philippi s.n. (SGO-63902) as the type, but that speciemen was collected in September 1872, 16 years after the description of the species.

Cardamine argentina Spegazzini. TYPE: Argentina, Sierra Ventana, Nov 1895, C. Spegazzini s.n. (holotype, LP!).

Herbs, annual, sparsely to densely hirsute basally with trichomes to 1 mm, glabescent above, with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Stems few to several from base, (0.6-)10-50 cm, erect or decumbent, simple or branched above, hirsute. Basal leaves rosulate, lyrate or undivided; petiole1-4(-11) cm; leaf blade obovate to spatualte or oblong to oblanceolate, (1-)2-6(-8) ´ (0.5-)1-3(-4) cm, sparsely to densely hirsute, sometimes glabrous except for ciliate margin, base cuneate, margin dentate to crenate, sometimes repand, apex obutse; cauline leaves petiolate, smaller or same size but gradually reduced in size and becoming subsessile upward. Racemes ebracteate, 10-30-flowered; fruiting pedicela divaricate to ascending, 4-12(-17) mm. Sepals oblong, 2-2.5 ´ 1-1.2 mm, caducous; petals white, spatualte to oblanceolate, 3-5(-6) ´ 1.5-2 mm, apex obtuse; stamens 6; filaments 2-2.5 mm; anthers oblong to ovate, 0.4-0.5 mm; ovules (12-)14-20 per ovary. Fruits dehiscent, linear, (1.7-)2-3.5(-4) cm ´ 1.5-2.2 mm, thin walled; style 0.5-1(-1.8) mm. Seeds light brown, broadly oblong-ovate, 1.8-2.3 ´ 1.5-1.8 mm, with a narrow wing 0.1-0.3(-0.4) mm wide. Cleistogamous flowers solitary, producing geocarpic fruits; sepals to 0.8 mm; petals absent or to 0.5 mm; stamens 2, median; filaments to 0.6 mm; anthers to 0.2 mm; fruiting pedicels solitary, arising from basal leaf rosette, (1-)2-5 cm; geocarpic fruits indehiscent, obovate to fusiform, (5-)6.5-10 ´ 2.4-4 mm, slightly corky, (1-4)-seeded, without style; seeds oblong, 2.5-3.5 ´ 2-2.5 mm.

Flowering: .

Elevation: 0-800 m.

Habitat: Damp places.

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones), Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul), Chile (Juan Fernandez Islands), Paraquay, Uruguay (Canelones, Moldonado, Montevideo, San José, Soriano).

Note: Cardamine chenopodiifolia is the only species that produces two fruit types, an indehiscent-geocarpic and dehiscent-aerial. The seeds produced from subterranean fruits are distinctly heavier and grow faster than those produced from aerial fruits (Cheplick, 1983). The species also produces 2-stamened cleistogamous flowers that produce the subterranean fruits and 6-stamened chasmogamous aerial flowers.