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Caulanthus major (M.E. Jones) Payson

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15. Caulanthus major (M. E. Jones) Payson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 291. 1923; C. crassicaulis (Torrey) S. Watson var. major M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II. 5: 623. 1895; Streptanthus major (M. E. Jones) Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 415. 1925. TYPE: United States, Utah, Garfield Co., Bromide Pass, Mt. Ellen, Henry Mts., 9000 ft, 27 Jul 1894, M. E. Jones 5685 (holotype, POM!; isotypes, BRY, NY!, UC!).

Caulanthus major var. nevadensis Rollins, Cruciferae Continental N. Amer. 319. 1993. TYPE: United States, Nevada, Douglas Co., Alpine Mill area on W dise of Pine Nut Creek, Pine Nut Mountains, 6200 ft, 24 June 1982, A. Tiehm & M. Williams 7254 (holotype, GH!; isotypes, CAS!, NY!).

Herbs, perennial, with a woody caudex, glabrous or petioles and sepals pubescent with simple trichomes, glaucous. Stems 2–10 dm, erect or ascending, simple or branched, glabrous, hollow, sometimes slightly inflated. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5–9 cm, pubescent; blade obovate to oblanceolate or elliptic in outline, 1–14 x 0.5–2.5 cm, glabrous, margin entire, dentate-sinuate, lyrate, or pinnatifid-runcinate; uppermost cauline leaves short petiolate, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, entire. Racemes without a terminal cluster of sterile flowers, ebracteate, densely flowered, elongated in fruit; fruiting pedicels ascending, 1–6 mm, glabrous. Sepals creamy white or purple, ovate to lanceolate, 6.5–9.5 ´ 2.7–4 mm, erect, equal, not keeled, pubescent; petals purple, 11–17 mm; blade 4–7 x 1–1.7 mm, not or hardly crisped; claw oblanceolate, 7–13 x 2.5–3.5 mm; filaments tetradynamous, free, median pairs 5–7 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 4–6 mm, equal; ovules 46–58 per ovary. Fruits 4.5–12 cm ´ 2.2–2.8 mm, erect to ascending, terete or slightly latiseptate; valves with an obscure midvein; style obsolete or rarely to 0.4 mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes opposite valves. Seeds 2–3.5 x 1.3–1.8 mm; cotyledons entire.

Flowering: May–Aug.

Habitat: margins of montane forests, sagebrush, pinyon-juniper woodland.

Elevation: 1500–3200 m.

Distribution: United States (S and E California, Nevada, SE Oregon, Utah).