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(Last Modified On 3/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/15/2013)
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Family
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TURNERACEAE
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Contributor
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ANDRE ROBYNS
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Description
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Herbs, annual or perennial, or shrubs, infrequently trees, glabrous to often pubescent, the hairs simple or sometimes stellate. Leaves alternate, simple, usually petiolate, sometimes sessile, the stipules small or absent, the blade entire to lobed, often 2-glandular basally. Flowers mostly axillary and solitary, rarely in racemes, panicles or cymes, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, homo- or heterostylous; pedicels free or adnate to the petioles of the subtending leaves, usually 2-bracteolate; hy- panthium usually present, sometimes very short or wanting, deciduous, often with 5 protuberances above the insertion of the stamens; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, usually inserted in the hypanthium, often unguiculate; corona of glandular scales often present within the petals at the apex of the claw; stamens 5, usually in- serted in the hypanthium, the filaments free, often flattened or narrowly alate, the anthers introrse, dorsifixed, 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent; pollen grains usually 3-colporate, reticulate; gynoecium of 3 syncarpous carpels; ovary superior (to sometimes subinferior), 1-locular, with 3 parietal placentae, the ovules usually cc, anatropous, rarely with 1 basal ovule; styles 3, terminal, slender, the stigmas usually penicellate or laciniate. Fruits capsular, loculicidally or septicidally 3-val- vate; seeds curved or not, unilaterally arillate, the testa crustaceous, often alveolate- striate; endosperm copious and carnose; embryo straight or slightly arcuate; cotyledons plano-convex, foliaceous.
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Habit
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Herbs shrubs
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Habit
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trees
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Distribution
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A tropical and subtropical family of eight genera in America and Africa, but particularly well represented in tropical America; three genera reported from Panama.
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Note
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According to Rao (Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc. 28: 198-201, 1949), the hypanthiunm is not of receptacular origin, but appendicular in nature and the perigyny (in Turnera) results from the adnation of the basal parts of calyx, corolla and an- droecium.
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Reference
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Brizicky, G. K., The genera of Turneraceae and Passifloraceae in the south-eastern United States. Jour. Arnold Arb. 42: 204-218, 1961. Gilg, E., Turneraceae in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 459- 466, 1925.
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Reference
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Urban, I., Monographie der Familie der Turneraceen. Jahrb. K. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 2: 1-152, t. 1-2, 1883.
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Key
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a. Trees 7-30(40) m tall; hypanthium wanting .................................................... 1. Erblichia aa. Herbs or shrubs; hypanthium distinct. b. Corona present; styles dichotomously divided nearly to the base ....... 2. Piriqueta bb. Corona absent; styles simple ............................ ................................................ 3. Turnera
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