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Published In: Genera Plantarum 132. 1789. (4 Aug 1789) (Gen. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 8/11/2017)
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Project Data     (Last Modified On 7/23/2009)

 

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CONVOLVULACEAE (Morning Glory Family)

Plants annual or perennial herbs (shrubs and trees elsewhere), often climbing or scrambling but lacking tendrils, sometimes parasitic (in Cuscuta). Stems often twining, usually branched, sometimes with milky sap. Leaves alternate, well developed (reduced to small scales in Cuscuta). Stipules absent. Leaf blades simple (pinnately dissected and appearing compound in Ipomoea quamoclit), entire or lobed, the main venation pattern often palmate. Inflorescences axillary, sessile, of stalked clusters, sometimes appearing as small panicles, sometimes solitary flowers. Flowers actinomorphic, hypogynous, perfect, usually subtended by bracts. Calyces deeply (3–)5(6)-lobed or of (4)5 free sepals, often at fruiting. Corollas shallowly (3–)5(6)-lobed (deeply lobed in Dichondra), pleated and spirally twisted in bud (except in Cuscuta). Stamens (3–)5(6), alternating with the corolla lobes, the filaments attached in the corolla tube (each subtended by a small scale in Cuscuta), the anthers exserted or more commonly not exserted, often linear, attached toward their midpoints (or at least above the base), yellow. Pistil 1 per flower, of 2 fused carpels. Ovary superior, 2(3)-locular, sometimes incompletely so or appearing 4-locular, with usually 2 ovules per locule, the placentation axile or appearing more or less basal. Styles 1 or 2(3), if solitary then sometimes 2-lobed, sometimes persistent at fruiting, the stigmas 1 or 2, disk-shaped or capitate to linear, sometimes shallowly lobed. Fruits capsules, ovoid to globose or depressed-globose (2-lobed in Dichondra), variously dehiscent. Seeds 1–4 per locule. Fifty to 56 genera, about 1,600–2,000 species, nearly worldwide, most diverse in tropical and subtropical regions.

Two genera that occur in Missouri sometimes have been treated as separate families, but neither appear to warrant recognition (Wilson, 1960; Cronquist 1981, 1991; Stefanoviƒ et al., 2002). The genus Cuscuta is often segregated into the Cuscutaceae, but the group seems clearly derived from ancestors within the Convolvulaceae, and the differences between the genus and others in the family can mostly be attributed to structural modifications accompanying the shift to a parasitic habit. Dichondra, which is sometimes treated in the Dichondraceae, also appears to represent a mere specialization within the Convolvulaceae. Except for Cuscuta, an interesting feature shared by all Missouri genera of Convolvulaceae is the often deeply 2-lobed cotyledons of the seedlings.

 

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1.1. Leaves reduced to small scales; plants parasitic on the aboveground portions of other plants; stems usually yellow or orange when fresh ... 3. CUSCUTA

Cuscuta
2.1. Leaves well developed; plants not parasitic (but sometimes twining on other plants); stems green, sometimes white or reddish-tinged

3.2. Leaf blades pinnately dissected into linear lobes, appearing nearly pinnately compound ... 6. IPOMOEA

Ipomoea
4.2. Leaf blades entire or with a pair of broad basal lobes, sometimes shallowly notched at the tip (in Dichondra) and appearing slightly 2-lobed

5.3. Leaf blades linear to elliptic, narrowed or tapered at the base

6.4. Styles 2, each 2-lobed toward the tip, the stigmas thus 4 per flower; corollas 3–6 mm long, lavender to blue or less commonly white ... 5. EVOLVULUS

Evolvulus
7.4. Style 1, unequally 2-lobed toward the tip, the stigmas thus 2 per flower; corollas 12–18 mm long, white ... 8. STYLISMA

Stylisma
8.3. Leaf blades ovate to triangular or nearly circular, cordate or less commonly more or less truncate at the base

9.5. Ovary and fruit deeply 2-lobed; styles 2, attached basally in the notch between the ovary lobes; corollas 1.5–2.5 mm long; leaf blades 0.7–2.0 cm long, kidney-shaped to less commonly nearly circular ... 4. DICHONDRA

Dichondra
10.5. Ovary and fruit unlobed; styles 1 or 2, attached at the tip of the ovary; corolla 5 mm or more long; leaf blades 1–15 cm long, triangular to ovate or oblong-ovate

11.6. Inflorescences dense, headlike clusters; stigmas 2, oblong to elliptic in outline, flattened ... 7. JACQUEMONTIA

Jacquemontia
12.6. Inflorescences of solitary or paired flowers, or loose clusters, not forming heads

13.7. Flowers with a pair of conspicuous, more or less leaflike bracts, these closely subtending, longer than, and more or less hiding the calyx ... 1. CALYSTEGIA

Calystegia
14.7. Flowers with inconspicuous scalelike bracts at the inflorescence branch points and/or along the flower stalks, these occasionally absent, usually distant from, always much shorter than, and not covering the calyx

15.8. Stigmas 2, linear; calyx 3–5 mm long ... 2. CONVOLVULUS

Convolvulus
16.8. Stigma 1, capitate, sometimes 2-lobed; calyx 9–25 mm long ... 6. IPOMOEA
Ipomoea
 
 
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