(Last Modified On 5/12/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2018)
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Contributor Text:
R. Borosova & S. Landrein
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Contributor Institution:
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Synonym Text:
R. sanguineus Friv. in Flora 18(1): 334. 1835; R. anatolicus Focke in Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen9: 335.l880; R. turcomanicus Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 6: 209. 1906; R. ulmifolius subsp. sanctus (Schreb.) Sudre, Rubi Eur.:76. 1913;R.discolor Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 695.1872.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: April – August. Fr. Per.: June – November.
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Type:
Lectotype : Herb. Linn. No. 653.16 (LINN!)
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Distribution:
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, Caucasus, Russia, SW Asia, Turkey, Europe, N Africa.The fruit is edible. Forests, shrubby formations and stony mountain slopes; 900-2000 m.
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Map Location:
A-6 Chitral District, North West Frontier Province, Shorghor, 36°01' N, 71°46' E, 1700 m, 1.8.1999, S. Dixon 28/99 (K); Chitral, Garam Chashma area, Tehsil Lutkoh, ± 7000 ft, 14.8.1989, M.Qutbuddin 458& 458-B (RAW); B-6 Dir State, Baxawal Banda, 6000 ft, 6.10.1964, Salim 119 (K); Chitral, Drosh, 4500 ft, June 1908, S.M. Toppin 297 (K); Chitral, 1949, D.Hassan 304 (RAW); Chitral, 6.7.1974, E.J. Ecker8224 (RAW); Chitral in valle Yarkhum prope koghozi, 26.9.1935, G.Kerstan 2068 (W);B-7 Mansehra, Hazara, 29.9.1888, J.F. Duthie 7469 (K);9km E of Mansehra, 34°23’N, 73°17’E, 1000 m, 29.6.1988, Thompson, Brenner & Anwar 880089 (RAW); Batal, Kons, Saran Range, Hazara, 1.9.1899, J.F. Duthie s.n. (K); Saran Range, Shinkiari, Hazara, 4.6.1899, J.F. Duthie s.n. (K); Jarid, Kagan, 3.7.1897, J.F. Duthie s.n. (K); Abbottabad, 3000-5000 ft, 1922, J.R. Drummond 20079 (K); Swat state, near Saidu Sharif village, ca. 3500 ft, 10.8.1952, R.J. Rodin 5397 (K);Hazara, Dadar-Shinkiari, 3900 ft, 11.9.1986, Y.Nasir, R. Akhtar et al. 12157 (RAW);Hazara, Kalapauri, 6500 ft, 10.8.1985, Y.Nasir, R. Akhtaret al. 11446 (RAW);Kohistan, Besham, 4km NW of PTDC Motel, 34°53’N, 72°53’E, 890 m, 16.6.1988, Thompson, Brenner & Z.Ahmed 880051 (RAW); Swat state, Besham, W side of Shangla Pass, 34°50’N, 72°51’E, 1500 m, 16.6.1988, Thompson, Brenner &Z.Ahmed880057 (RAW); Swat state, Pia, 5km S of Madyan, 35°00’N, 72°22’E, 1435 m, 21.6.1988, Thompson, Brenner & Ahmed 880073 (RAW); Abbottabad-Thandiani, 15.8.1986, Qutbuddin &S.Hayat 195 (RAW); Abbottabad to Naran, 15.8.1996, Qutbuddin &S.Hayat217 (RAW); Swat, inter Barikot and Mingora, 1.6.1965, K.H. Rechinger30494 (W); Swat, Malakand, 24.8.1962, K.H. Rechinger30494 (W); B-8 Srinagar, 7.10.1889, J.F.Duthie s.n. (K); Gund, Sind Valley, 6000 ft, 26.7.1891, G.A. Gammie s.n. (K); Kashmir, Rampur, Jhelum Valley, ca. 4500 ft, 12.9.1917, R.R. Stewart, 3700 (K); Kashmir, Kralpura (Bandipur), 5500 ft, 4.8.1928, B.B. Osmaston 61 (K); Kashmir, Srinagar, 5200 ft, 19.6.1919, H.H. Rich 1054 (K); Kashmir, Srinagar, June 1918, E.M. Saunders s.n. (K);Kashmir, Srinagar, 5.9.1945, s.col. 191 (RAW);C-5 Kurrum Valley, Shalizan [Shalozan], 23.8.1879, J.E.T.Aitchison s.n. (K);Shalozan, 29.8.1971, M.A.Siddiqi, Y.Nasir 6410 (RAW); C-6Thall-Sadda road, 28.8.1971, M.A.Siddiqi, Y.Nasir 6408 (RAW); NW Frontier, Parachinar, 6000 ft, 24-25.4.1957, R.R.Stewart 28061 (RAW); Chitral, Ziarat, 28.6.1953, M.A.Siddiqi27159 (RAW,W); Dir, 1350 m, July 1960, M.Alemker 5 (RAW); Chitral, 29.8.1989, Mohammed Ayrub & M.Qutabuddin 866 (RAW); Chitral, Bakrabad, ± 5600 ft, 13.9.1990, M.Qutabuddin,A.Amir& G.Mehmarwali 2228 (RAW); Chitral, Degru College, 6.1.1990, A.Shakir&M.Qutabuddin 2316 (RAW);Kurram, inter Amal Kot and Sadda, 13.6.1964, K.H. Rechinger 30964 (W); C-7 Rawalpindi, 4500-5500 ft, June 1914, H.R.K. Jerram 8085 (K); Murree Hills, below New Kashmir Road, Topa, 6300 ft, August 1918, T.A.Sprague 139 (K); Murree Hills, S of Jhikka Gali, 5000 ft, August 1918, T.A.Sprague159 (K); Kashmir, near Islamabad, 6000 ft, 1.8.1922, J.R. Drummond13968 (K); E side of Hospital Hill, Murree, July - August 1915, E.M. Saunders s.n. (K); Rawulpindee, September 1872, J.E.T. Aitchison 189 (K); Karore Bunn, ± 4300 ft, 29.8.1986, Y. Nasir& Hanif 12009 (RAW); Margalla Hills, 5.10.1988, Y. Nasir& Hamif s.n. (RAW); C-8 Kashmir, Rajaori, 914 2.7.1876, C.B. Clarke 28191A (K); D-8 Lahore, Shahdera, January 1892, J.S. Gamble 23386 (K).
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Shrub to 2 m tall, deciduous. Branches arching and often rooting at the apices, angled, pruinose,eglandular and pubescent, with stout, strongly flattened, broadened at base straight or recurved prickles. Leaves ternate or rarely pedate with 5 leaflets. Leaf blade broadly obovate to sub-orbicular, base cuneate to obtuse, apex rounded to broadly acuminate, margin doubly serrate, leaf surface adaxially glabrous to sparsely hairy, abaxially densely white tomentose. Terminal leaflets 2.5-8 x 1.5-6 cm, lateral leaflets 1.5-6 x 1-4.5 cm.Petioles 3-5 cm long, densely tomentose and covered with curved prickles. Petiolules of terminal leaflets 0.5-2.5 cm long, petiolules of lateral leaflets 1-3 mm long.Stipules free, linear, 5-10 x 1 mm, pubescent. Inflorescence paniculate, erect, compact, cylindrical and many flowered. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter. Rachis and pedicels densely tomentose, often with recurved prickles. Bracts 3-4 x 1 mm, narrowly triangular, densely tomentose. Hypanthium shallowly cupular, tomentose. Sepals 4-6 x 2-4 mm, triangular, shortly apiculate, densely tomentose wooly on both surfaces, recurved at anthesis. Petals 6-13 x 4-10 mm, usually pink or purplish, rarely white, broadly obovate, usually slightly pubescent on both surfaces.Stamens many, as long as or longer than stylodia, stylodia greenish, filaments 3-4 mm long, purple, often with puberulous anthers. Ovaries and stylodia glabrous. Carpels 20-25. Drupetum subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diameter. Drupelets numerous, 2-3 mm in diameter, fleshy, black, loosely coherent. Pyrenes 2-3 x 1-2 mm, alveolate, pitted.
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