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Published In: Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 3: 575. 1826. (Syst. Veg. [Sprengel]) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 8/11/2017)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 7/9/2009)
Status: Native

 

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1. Grindelia ciliata (Nutt.) Spreng. (goldenweed)

Prionopsis ciliatus (Nutt.) Nutt.

Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC.

G. papposa G.L. Nesom

Pl. 237 a, b; Map 982

Plants annual or less commonly biennial. Stems (10–)40–120 cm long. Stem leaves sessile, the blades 2–8 cm long, oblong to ovate or oblong-obovate, cordate at the base and strongly clasping the stem, rounded or bluntly pointed at the tip, the margins with many narrow, coarse, sharp teeth, these mostly with a spinelike or bristlelike extension at the tip, the surfaces appearing not or only slightly resinous, with usually moderate glandular dots, but these inconspicuous and only slightly differing in color from the surrounding leaf tissue. Inflorescences of solitary heads or loose clusters at the branch tips. Receptacle 1.5–3.0 cm in diameter. Involucre 10–15 mm long, the bracts in 3–5 unequal series, at least those of the outer few series with the tip spreading to recurved or curled outward. Ray florets 25–50, the corolla 10–20 mm long. Disc florets perfect or some of the inner ones functionally staminate, the corollas 6–8 mm long. Pappus of numerous (30–60) bristles, 3–10 mm long, these minutely barbed, fused at the base, persistent at fruiting or sometimes shed tardily as a unit, those of the outer series shorter, stouter, and slightly thickened toward the base (awnlike), straw-colored to light orangish tan. Fruits 2–4 mm long, light gray to whitish gray. 2n=12. August–September.

Possibly introduced, uncommon in southwestern and west-central Missouri, introduced sporadically elsewhere in the northern half of the state and in a few southern counties (Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas; introduced west to California, east to Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, and Maryland, and south to Louisiana). Glades and upland prairies; also railroads, roadsides, and open, disturbed areas.

Goldenweed presumably is native to portions of the Great Plains, but it has dispersed along railroads and highways to extend its range in all directions. In Missouri, its status is unclear. Arguments in favor of it being a rare native at some sites are the fact that it has been collected in some reasonably undisturbed prairies and glades in the western half of the state, and also that it was collected as early as 1882 in southwestern Missouri (introduced occurrences in most other states were all far more recently documented). On the other hand, the large majority of specimens, even those collected as early as the first decade of the 1900s, clearly document nonnative occurrences in disturbed habitats.

Steyermark (1963) and most earlier authors treated this species as a member of the large and polymorphic genus Haplopappus Cass. A series of morphological, anatomical, and molecular studies by various investigators (summarized by Lane and Hartman, 1996) resulted in the gradual dismemberment of that genus in North America into a large number of smaller, more homogeneous groups with diverse affinities in the tribe Astereae. A number of these studies agreed that the species known as H. ciliatus was closely related to species of Grindelia. Following Correll and Johnston (1970), the generic name Prionopsis Nutt. was resurrected to accommodate this one unusual species. Nesom et al. 1993) reviewed the data that had accumulated on these genera and concluded that P. ciliata was best classified as a morphologically atypical member of Grindelia, a conclusion that has been followed by recent authors (Kartesz and Meacham, 1999) and also in the present work. However, their renaming of the species as G. papposa was superfluous.

 
 


 

 
 
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