1. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (gallant soldier)

Pl. 279 a, b; Map 1181

Stems glabrous to moderately pubescent with more or less spreading, nonglandular hairs. Leaf blades 2–11 cm long, lanceolate to broadly ovate. Involucre 2.5–4.0 mm long, 2.5–5.0 mm in diameter, persistent at fruiting, usually glabrous, with an outer series of 1 or 2 bracts, these often with a thin white margin, and an inner series of 4–6 bracts, these fused basally with 2 or 3 adjacent chaffy bracts but not shed with the fruits developing from the ray florets. Chaffy bracts subtending the disc florets mostly deeply 3-lobed for more than 1/3 of their length, often persisting after the fruits have been shed. Ray florets with the pappus scales absent or reduced (much shorter than the corolla tube). Disc florets with the pappus scales narrowed to a bluntly pointed, awnless tip. 2n=16. May–November.

Introduced, uncommon, known only from historical collections from Jackson County and the city of St. Louis (probably native from the southwestern U.S. to South America; introduced nearly worldwide). Roadsides and open, disturbed areas.

Steyermark (1963) included a dot for Jasper County on the map in his treatment of the species but did not note an occurrence from the county in his text. This apparently represents a specimen that he originally determined as G. parviflora but which subsequently was redetermined as G. quadriradiata. Canne (1977) discussed two intergrading morphotypes, with some plants from Mexico and the southwestern United States tending to have shorter stems, less-toothed to entire leaves, and denser clusters of heads. Some earlier authors had accepted these under the name var. semicalva A. Gray, but Canne argued that too much intergradation exists to allow formal recognition of infraspecific taxa.