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!Gladiolus exalatus Goldblatt & Blittersdorff Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: Kew Bulletin 69(9496): 2. 2014. (Kew Bull.) Name publication detail
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 12/19/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 12/19/2016)
Description: Deciduous geophyte, mostly 100–180 mm high. Corm 12–18 mm diam., outer tunics of mostly relatively fine vertical fibres, outside, inner layers entire, firm-papery, producing cormlets around base. Cataphylls green or turning purple to brown with age. Stem slightly inclined, occasionally with 1 or 2 short branches. Leaves 4 to 6, lowermost short, next lowest 1 or 2 longest, usually shortly exceeding spike, those above progressively shorter, blades ± linear, plane, 2.0–3.5 mm wide, leathery, with main vein slightly thickened; juvenile plants with ± filiform leaves. Spike suberect, secund, crowded with internodes 6–9 mm long, flexuose, up to 15-flowered; bracts green, imbricate, outer 18–25 mm long, reaching to base of fourth bract above, keeled, keel and margins hyaline, inner ± 3/4 as long as outer, 2-keeled, subacute or minutely notched at tip. Flowers zygomorphic, nodding, creamy-white with blue mauve diamond-shaped marking in middle of lower tepals, white in throat and tube and marked blue-mauve at bases of tepals, evidently unscented; perianth tubeobliquely funnel-shaped, 8–10 mm long; tepals (when alive) unequal, lanceolate, dorsal 14–18 × 10–12 mm, arching over stamens and lower tepals, upper laterals 9–17 × 6–7 mm, lower tepals joined to upper laterals for 2–3 mm, 9–15 × 3–6 mm, curving downward distally. Stamens unilateral, arcuate; filaments ± 5 mm long; anthers ± 7 mm long, parallel and contiguous, curving upward distally, purple with lines of dehiscence white; pollen yellow. Ovary narrowly obovate, ± 2.5 mm long; style arching over stamens, dividing opposite or shortly beyond anther tips, branches diverging, spathulate, ± 3 mm long. Capsules broadly ellipsoid, 11–13 × 5–6 mm. Seeds ± ellipsoid, 1.2–1.7 × 0.9–1.3 mm, smooth, light to dark orange-brown, without wing. Flowering time: mainly mid December to late January, sometimes in February.
Country: Tanzania
Distribution and ecology: only from a single site near Sumbawanga in southwestern Tanzania;in a specialized habitat, wet seeps on low granite-gneiss outcrops in peaty soil. Associated vegetation includes grasses and sedges, some ferns, Habenaria nyikana, Sebaea grandis and Trachyandra saltii
Diagnosis: Gladiolus exalatus is remarkable in several ways in this genus of more than 265 species. The spikes are crowded, with up to 15 flowers separated by internodes 6–9 mm long, the outer bracts thus ± three internodes long. The outer bracts, up to 25 mm long, are unusual in being folded in the midline with a hyaline keel and the inner bracts are two-keeled and barely notched or undivided at the apex. The flowers themselves are fairly typical of the genus in their bilateral symmetry with the larger dorsal tepal hooded over the stamens and shorter, narrow lower tepals bearing nectar guides of contrasting colour. In G. exalatus the creamy-white flowers have purple, spear-shaped nectar guides the middle of each lower tepal. Perhaps the most unusual feature of the species is the seeds, which lack entirely the papery circumferential wing present in all but two or three unrelated species of the genus (e.g. G. italicus, G. pretoriensis). The corm tunics, green floral bracts and undivided style branches with spathulate tips are, however, quite typical of Gladiolus. We are puzzled about the possible relationships of G. exalatus. It broadly resembles the southern African G. ecklonii in the short stature, several leaves and relatively small, imbricate flowers with hooded dorsal tepal but it could equally be allied to one of several tropical African species. G. gregarius, a taller plant, has similarly coloured and slightly smaller flowers borne on relatively dense spikes. The strongly keeled bracts are rare in the genus although recorded in the southern African G. alatus L. and its immediate relatives.

 
 
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