Published In:
Kew Bulletin 74: 20. 2019. ( Kew Bull.) 
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(Last Modified On 5/20/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 1/14/2021)
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Contributor Text:
A. Ghafoor
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text:
Centaurea repens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2:1293. 1763; Centaurea picris Pall. Ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3, 3: 2302. 1803; Burkill, Pl. Baluch. 42. 1909; Acroptilon repens (L.) DC., Prodr. 6: 663. 1838; Kitam., Fl. Afghan. 384. 1960; Vvedensky, Fl. Uzbek. 6: 406. Tab. 38, Fig. 1. 1962; R. R. Stewart, Ann. Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 711. 1972; Kupicha in Davis, Fl. Turk. 5: 462. 1975; Dostal in Tutin et al, Fl. Europ. 4: 254. 1976; Tsi & Lee, Icon. Corm. Sin. 4: 653. fig. 6720. 1976; Rech. f., Fl. Iran. Comp. III. Cynareae 139b: 308. Tab. 297.1980; Murray in Harden, Fl. New S. Wales 3:327. 1992; Czerepanov in Bobrov & Czerepanov, Fl. USSR 28: 341. 2001 (Engl. Trans.); Acroptilon picris (Pall. ex Willd.) C. A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc. 67. 1831; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3:642. 1875; Serratula picris (Pall. ex Willd.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc. 3: 546. 1819, Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 97:714. 2006; C. Shih & Martins in Wu, Z.Y. et al., Fl. China 20-21: 178. 2011; Bean in Wilson, Fl. Austr. 37(1): Asteraceae 1: 72. 2015.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: May to September Vern.: Talkh Kao, Tulkha, kurukh (Balochi); Russian Knapweed (Engl.), Bashaka (Ladakhi).
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Type:
Type: Described from Orient, Herb. Linn. 1030.34 (LINN).
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Distribution:
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Northern Iraq, Turkey, Ukraine, Eastern Europe; widely naturalized and a serious, noxious weed in N. America and S.E. Australia.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
Pulverized in water, it is used to cure worms in children. Camels, sheep and goats graze it but not frequently. The wounds in sheep are cured by applying its leaves powder. Dried aerial parts are boiled and decoction obtained is administered to cure dysentery, stomach pain and fever. Russian Knapweed is said to be poisonous to horses.
Grows on mountain slopes, waste flat moist lands, near irrigation channels, in wheat fields, cornfields and dry scrublands on sandy-loam or sandy-clay soil.
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Map Location:
A-6 Chitral, near Mastuj River, dry steep bank, between 36˚ 13ˊ N, 72˚ 11ˊ E and 36˚ 17ˊ N, 72˚ 30ˊ E, alt. 6500 ft., Fls. pale purple, 7.7. 1958, S.A. Bowes-Lyon 1099 (BM, E00286825); Chitral Dist.: Barima village, 8000 ft., common, 26.6. 1950, I.I.Chaudhary 48 (RAW); Korgah, 30.6.2016, Amir Sultan & Mahrine Rashid 41557 (RAW); D-4 Quetta Dist.: c. 4 miles from Sheila Bagh on way to Quetta, c. 30 cm tall, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1300 (KUH); Quetta, 5500 ft., 14.7.1957, E. Nasir 28453 (RAW); Qila Abdullah, ± 5000 ft., 24.5.69, Zaffar Ali, 5574 (RAW); Urak, alt. 1800 m, M.A. Siddiqui & Y. Nasir 3498 (RAW); Mullah Shaikh, 9.6.1956, W.A. Dick-Paddie 12 (RAW); Ziarat, ± 8000 ft., 17.6.1962, R.R. Stewart 578 (RAW); Ziarat, 7 – 8000 ft., 12th July 1887, uncommon, J.H. Lace for George Watt 89 (E00286824); Kuchlak, Quetta, 24.5.1969, Sultan-ul-Abedin 5177 (KUH, RAW); Kalmangulzai, on Ziarat Road, 10.7.1980, Farrukh Hussain & Sajjad 113 (RAW); Urak, ± 6000 ft., 17.7.1957, E. Nasir 28449 (RAW); Urak, ± 6000 ft., 16.6.62, R.R.Stewart 687 (RAW); Quetta: Mekhtar, cornfield weed, alt. c. 1500 m, 18 May 1965, Jennifer Lamond 1415 (E00286826); D-5 Zhob Distt: Qamardin Karez, 23.5.2010, Nazar Khan Mandokhail 05 (KUH); F-4 Kalat Dist.: 1 mile from Khuzdar on way to Wad, Balochistan, soil wet, sandy-clay, 25 cm tall, Fls. purple, 9.4.1971, Sultan-ul-Abedin & Abrar Hussain 7215 (KUH, RAW); Forest Nursery, Kalat, 22.6.1962, R.R.Stewart 836 (RAW); Kalat Dist.: Village Zaedi, c. 25 km E of Khuzdar on way to Larkana, sandy clay-loam soil, erect, perennial herb, c. 40 cm tall, bitter in taste, Fls. blue (teste locals), 8.5.1990, A. Ghafoor & Steve M. Goodman 4969 (E00286833, KUH); Balochistan Prov.: Ca 14 km from Khuzdar (RCD Highway) on way to Nal, near village Gangu and Ferozabad, sandy-loam soil, erect herb, ca 35 cm tall. Flowers purple. Common in wheat fields, vern. “Talkha”. 10 May 1990, A. Ghafoor & S.M. Goodman 5024 (KUH,E00081620); Shebo, Baluchistan, 4800 ft., common in wheat fields and other cultivation, eaten by animals, 14 June, 1889, J.H. Lace 3996 (E00286823).
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Erect, up to 60 (-90) cm tall, corymbosely branched from below, densely floccose hairy to glabrescent herb with ribbed internodes. Leaves simple, subsessile, stiff, oblong – elliptic to ± linear, lower and median remotely pinnatifid, upto ca 15 cm long and ca 5 cm wide, serrate, with an apical cusp, upper entire, 4 – 7 cm long, 1.5 – 2 cm wide, acute. Capitula oblong-ovate or ovate, 14 – 16 mm long, 6 – 10 mm across. Involucre ovoid–oblong, 12 – 14 mm long, 5 – 7 mm broad. Phyllaries 6 – 8-seriate, shortly silky hairy, outer and middle broadly oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 3 – 8 (–10) mm long, 2 – 5 mm wide, with wide scarious appendages; inner phyllaries longer and narrowly oblong, their basal part concealed by triangular, apically ciliate or villous, obtuse to acute appendages of lower ones. Corolla pink or purple, 12 – 14 mm long, tube 6 – 7 mm long, limb almost equal to corolla tube with 2.5 – 3 mm long lobes. Anthers 4 – 5 mm long. Cypselas greyish-brown, ellipsoid to narrowly obovoid, 3 – 4 mm long, (1.5-) 2 mm wide. Pappus bristles 8 – 10 mm long, shortly plumose at apices.
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