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(Last Modified On 10/29/2013)
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Species
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Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhl.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Pflanzenr. IV.30: 231. 1903.
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Synonym
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Eriocaulon flavescens (Bong.) Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 628. 1831. Paepalanthus flavescens Koern. in C. Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 423. 1863. Dupatya fiavescens (Bong.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 745. 1891. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Pico Itacolomi, Riedel 1479 (holotype, LE n.v.; isotypes, K, M, S). Leiothrix edwallii Silveira, Fl. Serr. Min., p. 70. 1908, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Sao Paulo: Alto da Serra de Cubatao, Estaqao de Campo Grande, Edwall in hb. Silv. 429 (holotype, R). Leiothrix affinis Silveira, Floral. Mont., vol. I, p. 286. 1928, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Bar- auna, Silveira 677 (holotype, R). Leiothrix tenuifolia Silveira, Floral. Mont., vol. I., p. 285. 1928, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Barauna, Silveira 675 (holotype, R). Leiothrix flavescens var. glabra Silveira, Floral. Mont., vol. I, p. 291. 1928, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra do Cip6, Michaeli in hb. Silv. 712 (holotype, R). Leiothrix umbratilis Mold., Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 119. 1951, syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela, Bolivar, between Ptari- tepui and Sororopan-tepui, Steyermark 60280 (ho- lotype, NY; isotype, F). Leiothrix flavescens var. parvifolia Mold., Phytologia 24: 498. 1972, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Barao de Cocais, Irwin et al. 28946 (ho- lotype, NY n.v.; isotype, UB). Paepalanthus meseticola Mold. & Steyerm., Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 32-33: 281. 1976, syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Cerro Jaua, Steyermark et al. 109389 (holotype, LL; isotype, MO). Paepalanthus faternus var. marahuacensis Mold., Phy- tologia 49: 385. 1981, syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Cerro Marahuaca, Maguire et al. 65609 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO). Leiothrixflavescens var. chimantensis Mold., Phytologia 54: 66. 1983, syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Chimanta Massif, Apacara-tepui, Steyermark et al. 128382 (holotype, LL n.v.).
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Description
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Stem short, or rarely up to 4 cm long. Leaves in rosettes, flat or rarely conduplicate when young, lanceolate, generally slightly falcate, 3.0-26.0 cm long, 0.2-1.5 cm wide, membranaceous, charta- ceous to coriaceous, multinerved, usually pubescent on both sides, with filamentous and capitate hairs, glabrescent, rarely with filamentous hairs only, the apex obtuse to rarely acute. Peduncle sheath 3-18 cm long, pubescent with filamentous and capitate hairs, rarely filamentous only or glabrate, the apex truncate and toothed or rarely oblique. Peduncles few to many per plant, cylindrical or rarely flattened, (7.0-)25.0-70.0 cm long, twisted, obscurely 6-10- costate, pubescent with both filamentous and capi- tate hairs, or rarely with hairs of only one of these types, glabrescent. Capitula hemispherical to globose at maturity, 8.0-12.0 mm diam., the involucral bracts pale yellow-brown to dark red-brown, in 4- 5 series, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute, the out- ermost smaller, abaxially pilose, rarely sparsely cil- iate to glabrous. Floral bracts oblong-spatulate to lanceolate, acute, abaxially pilose, rarely ciliate or adaxially pilose, equaling or shorter than the flowers. Staminate and pistillate flowers distributed in ap- proximately concentric rings, or rarely randomly dispersed. Staminate flowers. Whole flower 3.0- 5.4 mm long, the pedicels 1.0-2.0 mm long. Sepals 3, the two outer carinate, the inner flat, united at the base or the two outer free from each other, rarely the calyx actinomorphic, the apices rounded or truncate, rarely acute, abaxially pilose, rarely sparsely ciliate or with scattered hairs adaxially, the hairs mostly filamentous, a few capitate. Petals 3, united, obtuse, glabrous, equaling or slightly longer than the sepals. Stamens 3, free, exsert or rarely included, the filaments flat, the anthers basifixed. Pistillodes 3, united at the base, clavate. Pistillate flowers. Whole flower 4.0-5.4 mm long, the ped- icels ca. 0.5-1.5 mm long. Sepals 3, free, carinate, actinomorphic, pubescent as in staminate flowers. Petals 3, free, flat, obtuse to acute, sparsely ciliate to glabrous at apex , equaling or slightly smaller than the sepals. Ring of hairs present at base of gynoecium. Gynoecium with styles and appendages united to the middle or above, usually 3-angled, the appendages ? cylindrical and dilated at the apex, the stigmas simple, exsert to barely included. Seeds elliptical, longitudinally striate.
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Note
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flowers in all areas throughout the year, but peak flowering varies in different localities as follows: Venezuela -January to February; Ba- hia-July; Minas Gerais-April to May; Sao Paulo and southward-November to December.
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Key
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Key to the Varieties of Leiothrix flavescens l a. Involucral bracts and flowers sparingly ciliate to glabrous or with scattered hairs adaxially; peduncles ? flattened; leaves and peduncle sheaths with acute apices ................. ................ L. flavescens var. polystemma lb. Involucral bracts and flowers pilose on abaxial surface; peduncles usually cylindrical; leaves usually obtuse, peduncle sheaths truncate at apex. 2a. Young leaves conduplicate ............ .......... L. flavescens var. distichophylla 2b. Young leaves flat. 3a. Capitula globose; involucral bracts re- flexed and hidden at maturity; pedun- cles about twice the length of the leaves (3.0-7.5 cm long); flowers (including pedicel) longer than 5.0 mm ...... ............. L. flavescens var. alpina 3b. Capitula hemispherical; involucral bracts not reflexed, evident at matu- rity; peduncles more than three times the length of the leaves (3.0-25.0 cm long); flowers not longer than 4.0 mm .......... L. flavescens var. flavescens
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