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(Last Modified On 3/20/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/20/2013)
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Species
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Sapium biglandulosum (L.) Muell.-Arg.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Linnaea 32: 116, 1863.
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Synonym
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Hippomane biglandulosum L., Sp. PI. ed 2, 1431, 1763. Sapium aucuparium Jacquin, Select. Amer. Hist. 249, 1763, non Jacquin (Enum. PI. Carib. 31, 1760). Sapium salicifolium H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 52, 1817. Sapium moritzianum Kl. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 100, 1853. Sapium aucuparium Jacquin subsp. moritzianum (Kl.) Pittier, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 128, 1918. Stillingia haematantha Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 314, 1940.
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Description
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Tree to 10 m; monoecious. Leaves membranous; petiole ca 1 mm long, the 2 apical glands prominent; stipules to 1 mm long, ovate; blade elliptic-lanceolate, 8-11 X 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, the base acute, the margin coarsely and evenly serrate, inrolled on drying, the apex somewhat attenuate and cucullate. Spikes solitary at apex of short laterals, to 8 cm long, bisexual or all male. Staminate flowers in groups of 7-10, the subtending bract lingulate, to 1/2 mm long, biglandular, the glands sometimes obsolete; calyx ca 1 mm long, 2-3 lipped; stamens 2. Pistillate flowers 1-8, singly at basal nodes, rather distant, the bract deltoid, fimbriate, biglandular; calyx cupular, 2-lobed; ovary orbicular, styles simple, fused for most of length and slightly expanded at apex, soon deciduous leaving a rounded peg. Capsule broadly ovoid, to 1 cm long, smooth; seeds broadly ovoid flattened laterally, the surface warty.
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Habit
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Tree
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Distribution
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Panama and northern South America, perhaps to Brazil. A number of the Panamanian collections are from areas near the sea, but the species does not appear restricted to one altitude or habitat.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: upper Chilibre River, 1 mi below Chilibre, Seibert 1514 (MO, NY, US); Culebra I, Hayes s.n. (GH); Fort Amador, Tyson 2026 (MO); Las Sabanas, Bro. Celes- tine 109 (US), Pittier 6681 (US). COCLE: Aguadulce, Pittier 4951 (NY, US); N rim El Valle de Ant6n, Allen 1915 (type coll. of Stillingia haematantha GH, MO); vie of Las Uvas, Allen 2575 (A, F). LOS SANTOS: Pediasi, Dwyer 2495 (MO). PANAMA: Bella Vista, Killip 12037 (US); vie of Juan Franco race track, nr Panama, Standley 27778 (US); Sabana de Dormisolo, nr Chepo, Pittier 4659 (US); Pefia Prieta, nr Panama City, Pittier 4070 (NY, US); Pedro Gonzales, Perlas I, Allen 2583 (A, F).
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Note
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One more group of specimens remains without a name. All have elliptic leaves 20-35 X 5-9 cm with an obtuse to rounded base, coarsely and evenly serrate margin and attenuate apex which may be somewhat cucullate. The veins are arcuate, prominent below, and the petiole has a pair of stipitate glands a little below the junction with the blade. The stipules are deltoid, to 2 mm long. All the shoots have a succulent appearance which suggests that they may be sucker growth or water shoots, and those of the sheets which include collection notes describe the plant as a shrub. None include any flowering or fruiting material. They do not unequivocably match any American material in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and will not be included in this treatment in the hope that later, more complete collections will enable someone to make good the omission.
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