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(Last Modified On 9/24/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/24/2013)
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Species
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Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 135. 1837.
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Note
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TYPE: Brazil, Martius 12798 (M, not seen).
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Synonym
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Canavalia panamensis Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 569. 1925. TYPE: Panama, Piper 5168 (US, not seen).
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Description
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Vine trailing or climbing on herbs and shrubs, rarely high climbing; stems terete or drying slightly angled, puberulent with ascending white hairs. Leaves pinnate trifoliolate, the leaflets to 15 cm long, 11 cm wide, ovate, chartaceous, apically obtuse but often with a short acuminate and sometimes mucronulate tip, basally obtuse, truncate or rounded, mostly pubescent with short scattered hairs on both sides; petiolules 3-4 mm long, ascending pubescent; petioles mostly shorter than the leaflets. Inflorescences axillary racemes 10-20 cm long, the flow- ers mostly towards the apex; bracteoles rotund, ca. 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers showy, pink, white or purplish, calyx campanulate tubular, 8- 12 mm long, drying with evident veins but seldom mottled, slightly oblique, the upper lip as long as the tube, entire or emarginate, deflected upwards, and the area behind compressed, the area behind this compression expanded into a small hump or bulge, the lower lip consisting of 2 round or pointed lateral teeth and 1 slightly longer, lower tooth 2-2.5 mm long, pointed and often ciliolate; standard 2.25 cm long. Legume woody, to 20(25) cm long and to 2.5 cm wide, oblong with a short downcurved beak, each valve with prominent sutural ribs and one addi- tional rib 4-6 mm from the sutural rib, usually quite glabrescent; seeds ca. 12, ellipsoidal, 12-15 mm long, brown, sometimes marbled, the hilum ca. 7 mm long, forming ca. 3/4 of 1 edge.
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Habit
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Vine
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Note
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This species is often difficult, especially when dried, to distinguish from other Panamanian species. From Canavalia glabra and C. oxyphylla it is distinguished by a larger lowest calyx tooth and often by the emarginate upper calyx lip. From C. ensiformis it differs in its smaller seed. Canavalia brasiliensis is one of the most widespread and common of the Canavalia species.
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Distribution
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recorded from Florida, Mexico and Central and South America as far south as northern Argentina.
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Note
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It is a species of disturbed lowlands, mostly below 1,000 m. This species has occasionally been planted in some countries as a cover crop.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 253 (US, F). Water Valley, Wedel 809 (MO, GH). CANAL ZONE: Cocoli on road to Contractors' Hill, Dwyer 7230 (NY, US, WIS). Summit, Johansen 1924 (US). Amador, Piper 6707 (MO, US). Between Corozal and Anc6n, 10-30 m, Pittier 2175 (NY, US). Balboa, Standley 25508 (US). Sosa Hill, Standley 26481 (US). Corozal Road near Panama, Standley 26812 (US). Balboa, Standley 28566 (US). Farfan Beach area, Tyson et al. 3159 (FSU, MO). Flamenco Island, Amador, Tyson 7372 (MO). PANAMA: Tocumen airport, Dwyer 4885 (MO, WIS). Near Chepo, Hunter & Allen 97 (MO). Debajo del puente de Juan Diaz, Lara 47 (F, PMA). Sabanas N of Panama City, Paul 594 (US). Agricultural station, Matias Herndndez, Pittier 6896 (GH, US), 6913 (US). Bella Vista, Standley 25348 (US). Juan Franco Race Track near Panama, Standley 27693 (US). Juan Diaz, Standley 30475 (US). Punta Paitilla, Standley 30818 (US). Between Matias Herndndez and Juan Diaz, Standley 31951 (US).
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