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Published In: Handbook of the Irideae 54. 1892. (Handb. Irid.) Name publication detailView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 6/28/2016)
Description: Plants 150–250 mm high. Corm 10–15 mm diam.; tunics of dark brown, coarse fibres. Stem flexuose, usually 2–3-branched from upper nodes, with cataphylls forming a brown, fibrous collar around base. Foliage leaves 2 or 3, lowermost basal and longest, exceeding stem, remaining leaves cauline and progressively smaller, blades linear, channelled, ± 3 mm wide when opened flat; leaves subtending ± bract-like and dry distally not sheathing above. Rhipidial spathes green, at anthesis becoming dry and brown distally, attenuate; inner spathe 30–50 mm long, outer ± half as long, entirely sheathing. Flowers fugaceous, solitary in spathes, pale yellow finely veined with dull brown-purple, outer tepal limbs with yellow nectar guides at bases; tepals united in tube ± 10 mm long, limbs laxly spreading, lanceolate, 33–40 × 20 mm, claw ± 10–14 mm long [inner tepals absent]. Filaments ± 6 mm, united in lower 1–2 mm; anthers 7–9 mm long, light purple; pollen yellow. Ovary 10–12 mm long, included in middle of spathes; style branches 12–15 mm long, crests up to 10 mm long. Capsules narrowly ellipsoid, 25–30 mm long. Seeds compressed, elongate, winged at opposite ends, ± 4 mm long. Chromosome number 2n = 20. Flowering time: late September and October, occasionally in November at higher elevations; flowers lasting a single day.
Country: South Africa
South African Province: Western Cape
Distribution and ecology: local in Western Cape between Tulbagh and Caledon but not on the Cape Peninsula; usually on well-watered, stony flats and flowering well only after fire, which makes assessment of its geographic range and conservation status difficult to determine. Largely a lowland species, M. cooperi has lost much of its range to agriculture and urban development.
Diagnosis: immediately recognized in Moraea by the yellow, finely veined flowers and perianth of only three tepals, these united in a short perianth tube, a combination unique in the genus. In addition the narrowly fusiform ovary is included within the spathes and the compressed seeds are winged at both ends. The relationships of M. cooperi remain puzzling. It is provisionally included in subg. Umbellatae with which its brown corms tunics, pale yellow, finely veined tepals and chromosome number, n = 10 are consistent. A perianth tube is also found in M. longiflora of the subgenus and the two species, possibly closely allied, were placed together in sect. Tubiflorae of subg. Moraea in earlier studies. Molecular phylogenetic studies do not place M. cooperi among other species of subg. Umbellatae but show it to be isolated, at least with the plastid DNA loci so far sequenced.
General Notes: the later synonyms Moraea stenocarpa Schltr. (1900) M. apetala L.Bolus (1929a) reflect misunderstanding of the identity of M. cooperi at the time and not any conviction that either actually differed from that species. Presence of a floral tube prompted Foster (1939) to transfer both M. cooperi and M. longiflora to Gynandriris (now sect. Gynandriris of Moraea) (as G. stenocarpa and G. apetala). Species of sect. Gynandriris do not actually have a perianth tube, but rather a tubular extension of the ovary, and differ from M. cooperi in other fundamental features, thus are not closely related to M. cooperi.

 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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