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Aristea spiralis Ker Gawl. Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 6/7/2016)
Description: Plants 200–500 mm high, often in small tufts. Stem flattened, elliptic in section, 2-winged, often broadly so in lower half, usually unbranched, bearing (2–)4–7 sessile lateral flower clusters. Leaves narrowly sword-shaped, 4–7 mm wide, relatively soft-textured, margins angular, translucent, hyaline when dry. Flower clusters several, each (2–)4-flowered; spathes greenish with translucent margins, 33–45 mm long, bracts dry-membranous, shorter than spathes. Flowers half to fully nodding, on pedicels 3–5 mm long, white or pale blue, with linear or V-shaped purple markings at tepal bases; tepals 28–35 mm long, inner slightly larger than outer. Filaments usually 22–26 mm long (rarely half as long); anthers 4.5–6.3 mm long. Ovary elongate-3-lobed, 12–15 mm long; style 30–35mm long, stigma lobes spreading, deeply fringed. Capsules elongate, ± woody, tardily dehiscent, deeply 3-lobed, 30–50 mm long. Seeds triangular-columnar, many per locule, in a single row. Flowering time: mainly September to November.
Distribution and ecology: fairly widespread in Western Cape, South Africa, extending from Bain’s Kloof to the Cape Peninsula and east to Knysna, mainly on stony sandstone and granite slopes, up to 1 000 m elevation; flowering well only after fire.
Diagnosis:

the most widespread and common species of sect. Pseudaristea, Aristea spiralis is recognized by the large half to fully nodding flowers, mostly white with light purple markings near the bases of the tepals but in the southern part of its range in the Langeberg and the mountains around Hermanus and Bredasdorp the flowers are an attractive pale blue. It is the only species of Aristea that produces nectar, this secreted from perigonal nectaries at the base of the tepals. The stamens and style extended horizontally and most populations have particularly long filaments, 22–26 mm long, whereas its relatives have filaments 5–6 mm long, or only 3–4 mm in A. pauciflora. The elongate filaments are an adaptation to its unique pollination system. It is the only species of the genus that is pollinated by long-proboscid flies, Philoliche species (Tabanidae). Hovering in a horizontal plane, flies feed on the nectar held in the short perianth tube and while doing so the anthers, held up to 26 mm from the flower, brush pollen against the ventral part of the thorax and abdomen. Stigmas held in the same position as the anthers when receptive and receive pollen from flies that carry pollen of flowers already visited.

Some populations currently included in Aristea spiralis have unusually short filaments but otherwise match the species, having the distinctive strongly compressed, broadly 2-winged flowering stem and tepals with purple markings near the base. Whether flowers of this morph produce nectar or not is unknown. It is noteworthy that plants with both long or short stamens have the same unique pollen grains with rounded, supratectal exine deposits called gemmules.


 
 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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