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Nivenia corymbosa (Ker Gawl.) Baker Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 16: 109. 1877. (J. Linn. Soc., Bot.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 6/7/2016)
Description:

Shrubs 0.8–2(–3.5) m high, occasionally only up to 0.3 m. Stems erect to inclined, usually several from base, compressed, leafy stems 5–6 mm diam., old stems reaching to 30(–50) mm diam. at base, older plants with lateral branches smaller than main axes, these sometimes like spur shoots. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 10–20 × ± 8 mm, acuminate, usually 8–12 per growth flush. Inflorescence a compound, flat-topped false panicle of up to 120 flowers, primary peduncle strongly compressed, secondary branches subtended by leafy bracts below, or dry brown scales above, pedicels of variable length, 1–6(–8) mm long or ± lacking and some flowers sessile; spathes enclosing 1 or rarely 2 flowers, leathery, subequal, brown above, herbaceous below, ± 4 mm long, inner floral bracts 6–7 mm long, dry and membranous, light to medium brown. Flowers salver-shaped, heterostylous, pale to deep blue, ± white at base of tepals and in tube; perianth tube 11–13 mm long, nearly cylindric, widening from 1.2 mm at base to ± 2 mm at mouth; tepals spreading, oblong, obtuse to subacute, 9–11 × 3.5–4.5 mm, inner slightly narrower than outer. Filaments either long, exserted ± 8.5 mm (thrum flower) or short, 0.5 mm long (pin flower), white; anthers ± 1.2 mm long after anthesis, yellow. Style 8–9 mm long (thrum flower) and included 1–2 mm below mouth of tube with branches 0.3 mm long, or ± 19 mm long (pin flower), exserted ± 9 mm, branches ± 0.8 mm long. Capsules obovoid, 3–4 mm long, 1 or 2 locules sometimes empty. Seeds 1(2) per locule, 2–3 × 1.8 mm. Chromosome number 2n = 32. Flowering time: late January to March.

Country: South Africa
South African Province: Western Cape
Distribution and ecology: restricted to the southwestern corner Western Cape, extending from Tulbagh Waterfall and the Elandskloof Mtns south to Bain’s Kloof, a distance of some 30 km; mostly in sites where moisture is available during the dry summer, thus along streams and seeps, in crevices in cliffs and in rock outcrops.
Diagnosis: a heterostylous species, Nivenia corymbosa can easily be recognized by its dark blue, relatively small flowers and large corymb-like compound inflorescence, often with more than 100 flowers. The binate rhipidia bear a single flower each and those of the two style morphs are quite different: the filaments are either prominent and exserted about 8.5 mm from the tube or they are nearly sessile and the anthers lie immediately above the mouth of the perianth tube. Nivenia corymbosa is most closely related to N. dispar, which occurs in the Riviersonderend Mtns to the east. The latter has larger, usually paler blue flowers with the perianth tube (16–)18–20 mm long and tepals 10.5–14.5 mm long compared with a tube 11–13 mm long and tepals 10–11 mm long in N. corymbosa.

Like most species of Nivenia, N. corymbosa flowers in the late summer, at the driest season of the year and the flowers open early in the morning, just after sunrise and last until evening, close and then wilt the following day, sometimes opening weakly but the tepals remaining flaccid. The intense blue flowers are visited and pollinated by a number of bees, the most important of these evidently the large-bodied, long-tongued Amegilla fallax (Anthophoridae). These bees collect pollen and fly actively among the plants also foraging for the small quantity of nectar that the flowers offe

General Notes: Nivenia corymbosa appears to have been discovered by the English gardener and traveler, Francis Masson, who collected at the Cape for Kew Gardens in 1772–1775 and 1786–1795. A specimen with his name attached, but no further information, is preserved at the Kew Herbarium. However, it is the plantsman James Niven who is important in the history of this species. Niven was sent to the Cape by the wealthy English magnate George Hibbert in 1798 to collect new plants for his gardens. Seed that he sent back to England was successfully raised at Hibbert's estate at Clapham, London, and the material on which a painting and description were based was provided by his gardeners. A collection of N. corymbosa made by Niven ‘in fissures in rocks by rivulets at Rood Zandt’ is preserved in the British Museum and may be from the type locality, presumably in the mountains west of Tulbagh near Nuwe Kloof.

 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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