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!Tritoniopsis unguicularis (Lam.) G.J. Lewis Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: Journal of South African Botany 25: 347–349, f. 3 A. 1959. (J. S. African Bot.) Name publication detail
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 7/25/2016)
Description: Plants (200)300–600 mm high. Corm 25–35 mm diam.; tunics of densely matted fibres, with fibrous collar. Stem slender, curved outward at ground level, unbranched, 1.5–2 mm diam. Basal leaves 3 to 9, dry at flowering, blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 90–250 × 1–7 mm, acuminate, 1–3-veined; cauline leaves 2 or 3, lowermost concealed among leaf bases, reddish brown, subulate, up to 60 mm long, clasping throughout, uppermost reduced to a minute scale. Spike densely 7–20-flowered, 30–100 mm long; bracts green at base but dry and brown above, leathery, ovate, outer 4–9 mm long, obtuse, inner slightly longer. Flowers zygomorphic, pale yellow or creamy white flushed pink, lower 3 often flushed purple toward bases or with small maroon median streak in basal 1/3, with a herbaceous or acrid fragrance; perianth tube funnel-shaped, 3–4 mm long; tepals subequal or dorsal slightly larger, suberect and recurved distally, upper laterals sometimes obliquely ascending, spathulate or oblong-spathulate, strongly narrowed or clawed in basal 1/2 or 1/3, obtuse or truncate, crispulate, dorsal 10–13 × 2.5–3 mm, others slightly shorter, lower 3 tepals joined for 1.5–2 mm. Filaments arcuate, later erect,  (3–)4–7 mm long; anthers 3–5 mm long, yellow, with short apiculus 0.5 mm long. Style 8–9 mm long, dividing opposite anther bases, branches 1 mm long. Capsules inflated, ovoid or subglobose, 15–20 × 10–20 mm. Seeds up to 8 mm long, winged on angles. Chromsosome number 2n = 32. Flowering time: Nov.–Jan.(–Mar.).
Country: South Africa
South African Province: Western Cape
Distribution and ecology: scattered along the coastal mountains of Western Cape and recorded from the Elands Kloof Mtns near Tulbagh, the Cape Peninsula, the Hottentots Holland-Kogelberg-Groenlandberg complex, and Bredasdorp Mtn; 500–1 000 m, on rocky sandstone outcrops.
Diagnosis: distinguished by its small, short-tubed, pale yellow to creamy white flowers, sometimes flushed pinkish, with tepals 9–13 mm long and short filaments (3–)4–7 mm long. The capsules are moderately to well inflated, 15–20 mm long. The smaller flowers separate Tritoniopsis unguicularis from species such as T. bicolor and T. flava, also with yellow flowers and small anthers up to 5 mm long. The typical T. unguicularis, as represented by populations on the Cape Peninusla, has leaves 2–7 mm wide with (1)2 or 3 veins, and cream or white flowers with filaments 6–7 mm long. Populations from the Groenland Mtns with linear, 1-veined leaves up to 2 mm wide and yellow flowers with short filaments 3–5 mm long have been treated as the separate species T. caledonensis until now (Lewis, 1959) but these distinctions do not hold elsewhere, and a range of intermediates has been recorded from the Kogelberg and Bredasdorp. This has been compounded by later collections of yellow-flowered plants with narrowly lanceolate leaves from the Elands Kloof Mtns, and a broader view of the species has now been adopted to include these populations.
General Notes: hybrids with Tritoniopsis parviflora have been recorded on the Elands Kloof Mtns near Tulbagh and with T. bicolor on Bredasdorp Mtn.
Pollination: the flowers are pollinated by long-tongued bees in the genus Amegilla  (Apidae: Anthophorinae).

 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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