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!Sparaxis maculosa Goldblatt Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79(1): 153, f. 1. 1992. (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 7/20/2016)
Description: Plants 100‑200(‑300) mm high, stem simple or 1- or 2-branched from base. Corm globose, ± 15 mm diam., tunics of fine pale closely matted fibres. Leaves 7–9, ± basal, ± two thirds as long as spike, lanceolate(–oblong), 9–12 mm wide, abruptly expanded adaxially above sheath, obliquely apiculate, closely veined with ± prominent central vein. Spike 1–2(–3)-flowered, weakly flexuose, flowers spirally arranged; bracts dry, crinkled, translucent with light brown streaks, lateral margins lightly and irregularly serrate, 2–2.5 mm long, distally drawn into long tapering cusps, outer with 3 prominent veins, 3-cuspidate, inner with 2 prominent veins and 2-cuspidate. Flowers actinomorphic, bright yellow, tepals each with dark maroon-purple heart-shaped mark with central yellow streak in lower third, unscented; perianth tube funnel-shaped, 6–7 mm long, narrow basal part ± 2.5 mm long; tepals subequal, ± oblong, 27–35 × 8–10 mm. Stamens symmetrically arranged, filaments erect, 6–7 mm long, anthers linear, diverging, contiguous below, 9.5–11.0 mm long, pale yellow. Ovary globose, ± 2.5 mm long, style dividing opposite the lower third of anthers, branches filiform, 4.5–5 mm long, extending outward between upper third of anthers. Capsules ± globose, shortly stipitate on stalks ± 1 mm long, 69 × 56 mm, not splitting at apex, walls eventually fragmenting by horizontal cracks. Seeds reddish brown, up to 8 per locule, ± 2 mm diam. Chromosome number unknown. Flowering time: late August and September.
Type specimen: Pauline L. Perry - 3603 - MO - (BC:MO-202766/A:3751974)
Country: South Africa
South African Province: Western Cape
Distribution and ecology: discovered only in 1988, Sparaxis maculosa is known from just a few farms in the Stettyn area of the Hoeks River drainage north of Villiersdorp. Plants grow in heavy clay in renosterveld and are today seriously endangered by expanding agriculture. It seems likely that S. maculosa originally consisted of a single extended population but just three fragmentary colonies of the species are known to us today. It is likely that the flowers are adapted for hopliine beetle pollination, given the conspicuous dark markings of the flowers and their lack of scent, but there are no observations on pollination of the species. Compatibility relations are likewise unknown.
Diagnosis: Sparaxis maculosa is recognized by the radially symmetrical yellow flowers with a dark centre, and long-cuspidate bracts with the lateral margins slightly and irregularly serrated. The bracts are almost identical to those of S. fragrans, which also has a radially symmetric flower. There is no doubt that the two are immediately related and there was initially some question as to whether they were distinct (Goldblatt 1992). S. fragrans is, however, consistently a more slender plant with linear to narrowly lanceolate (or falcate) leaves, 2–8 mm wide and predominantly yellow to buff flowers with narrower tepals, ± 7 mm wide, sometimes with small dark marks at the tepals bases. The flowers of S. fragrans mostly have a slightly unpleasant, acrid odour whereas we have found those of S. maculosa lacking scent. The broader relationships of Sparaxis maculosa and S. fragrans are with sect. Sparaxis but the molecular phylogenies (Figure 1) show the species pair is phylogenetically isolated and has no close allies.

 
 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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