Home Iridaceae of sub-Saharan Africa
Genera
Species
Iridaceae in sub-Saharan Africa
Photo Gallery
Geographic Search
References
Search Builder
About this project
Tritoniopsis caffra (N.E. Br.) Goldblatt Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: South African Journal of Botany 56: 580. 1990. (S. African J. Bot.) Name publication detail
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 7/25/2016)
Description: Plants 250–700 mm high. Corm 20–40 mm diam.; of soft to moderately coarse fibres, sometimes papery, with short or long collar. Stem unbranched or with 1 or 2 short ascending branches, 2–4 mm diam. Basal leaves 3 to 6, green at flowering, reaching ± to base of spike, blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 150–500 × 4–10 mm, acuminate or often attenuate, narrowed below and subpetiolate, with 2 or 3(4) veins; cauline leaves 2–4, lower 1 or 2 like basal but smaller, upper 1 or 2, subulate, 25–30 mm long. Spike moderately densely ± 7–25-flowered, 70–300 mm long, 2-ranked; bracts flushed red or purplish, softly leathery, lanceolate, outer 12–20 mm long, acute or acuminate, inner slightly longer. Flowers bright or dark red, unscented; perianth tube dimorphic, sharply bent, 20–30 mm long, slender in lower 8–15 mm, widening at bend into cylindric upper part ± 12–15 mm long, tepals unequal, arising very obliquely, lower lateral tepals joined to upper laterals for 2–4 mm and the upper laterals joined to dorsal for an additional 6–8 mm, dorsal tepal largest, horizontal, oblanceolate-spathulate, clawed in lower half, 26–33 × 6–9 mm, obtuse, lower tepals spreading, later reflexed, elliptic to oblong, shortly clawed, upper lateral tepals and lower median tepal smallest, 10–13 × 4–6 mm, lower lateral tepals, 12–16 × 5–7 mm. Filaments arcuate, later recurved, 33–38 mm long; anthers 6–8 mm long, yellow flushed red, obtuse, almost medifixed. Style 45–60 long, dividing opposite upper half of anthers, branches 2.5–4 mm long, sometimes bifid. Capsules elliptic to oblong, slightly inflated, (12–)15–30(–40) × 10–15 mm, pale creamy flushed pink with darker impressed-reticulate sculpturing. Seeds up to 5 mm long, winged on angles. Chromosome number 2n = 32±0–2B. Flowering time: usually Sept.–Dec.
Country: South Africa
South African Province: Eastern Cape, Western Cape
Distribution and ecology: occurring along the southern coastal mountains Western and Eastern Cape, from the Langeberg near Heidelberg eastward to Grahamstown and East London, on cooler slopes among sandstone and quartzite rocks.
Diagnosis: allied to Tritoniopsis intermedia, with which it shares the leaves green at flowering, similar, red, strongly bilabiate flowers, a dimorphic perianth tube with a strongly oblique mouth resulting from the progressive adnation of the lower tepals to the dorsal, and an oblanceolate-spathulate dorsal tepal twice as long as the lower tepals. T. caffra is distinguished by its longer, attenuate, subpetiolate leaves reaching ± to the base of the spike and its unmarked flowers without a ventral pouch at the base of the upper part of the perianth tube, upper lateral tepals joined to the dorsal for 6–8 mm, and slightly shorter filaments 33–38 mm long.
Pollination: the bright red, strongly bilabiate flowers with reduced lower tepals bear a remarkable superficial similarity to those of Gladiolus cunonius and G. splendens and, like these species, are adapted for pollination by sunbirds, including the Malachite and Orange-breasted Sunbirds.

 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
© 2024 Missouri Botanical Garden - 4344 Shaw Boulevard - Saint Louis, Missouri 63110