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!Gladiolus cunonius (L.) Gaertn. Search in The Plant ListSearch in IPNISearch in Australian Plant Name IndexSearch in NYBG Virtual HerbariumSearch in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleSearch in Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National HerbariumSearch in Virtual Herbaria AustriaSearch in JSTOR Plant ScienceSearch in SEINetSearch in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical GardenAfrican Plants, Senckenberg Photo GallerySearch in Flora do Brasil 2020Search in Reflora - Virtual HerbariumSearch in Living Collections Decrease font Increase font Restore font
 

Published In: De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. . . . 1: 31. 1788. (Fruct. Sem. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 6/6/2016)
Acceptance : Accepted
Taxon Profile     (Last Modified On 12/29/2016)
Description : Plants (120–)300–700 mm high. Corm depressed-globose, 6–9 mm diam.; tunics papery to membranous, rapidly decaying and fragmenting irregularly, with numerous slender stolons. Stem erect, flexed outward above the sheaths of the cauline leaves and inclined above, simple or 1- or 2-branched. Leaves (5)6 to 8, mostly basal, reaching to ± base of spike or shortly exceeding it, narrowly lanceolate, 5–12 mm wide, main veins evident but not or only lightly thickened, cauline leaves smaller, uppermost leaf usually sheathing only near base. Spike inclined, lightly flexuose, (3)5–8-flowered; bracts soft-textured, green to greyish purple, 20–35(–45) mm long, inner shorter, acute or notched. Flowers bright red, lower tepals and tube initially green fading to yellow and later turning reddish, unscented; perianth tube 12–15 mm long, slender below for 10–12 mm, abruptly expanded into short, ± cylindric upper part; tepals with dorsal spathulate, 26–29 mm long, extended horizontally, with a linear claw 10–13 mm long, limb obovate-concave, 13–18 × 11 mm, upper laterals joined to dorsal for 8–12 mm, free part directed forward and upward, ovate-concave, 10–13 × 8 mm, lower tepals united for ± 2 mm, much reduced, free parts 1–4 mm long, lower laterals curving upward distally to partially block mouth of tube. Filaments ± 30 mm long, exserted ± 27 mm from tube, median filament with enlarged flattened horny tooth at base in front thus dividing tube in half; anthers 5–7 mm long, attached to filaments near middle with thecae free below filament insertion, red; pollen yellow. Style extended horizontally over stamens, dividing shortly below anthers, branches 7–8 mm long, conduplicate, expanded and stigmatic only at apices. Capsules oblong-ellipsoid and 3-sided, 27–32 mm long. Seeds ovate to oblong, 7–8 × ± 5 mm, broadly and evenly winged. Flowering time: September to mid November.
Country : South Africa
South African Province : Western Cape
Distribution and ecology : extending from Blaauwberg just north of Cape Town to Knysna in Western Cape; mainly on dunes in sand or calcareous soils, sometimes just above the beach, in clearings and along the margins of coastal bush.
Diagnosis : distinctive in its scarlet flowers with spathulate-concave dorsal tepal flanked by suberect, ear-like lateral tepals, and highly reduced, scale-like lower tepals flexed upward to form a small cup-like structure enclosing a toothlike projection at the base of the median filament. Allied to and allopatric with Gladiolus splendens and G. saccatus, all sharing a similar, bright red, highly bilabiate flowers with an enlarged, spathulate upper tepal partially adnate to the upper lateral tepals and reduced lower tepals with a thickened tooth or crest at the base of the median filament, ± versatile anthers, and involute style branches. All three are pollinated by sunbirds, Nectarinia species.

 


 

Specimens whose coordinates are enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been mapped to a standard reference mark based on political units.
 
 
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