1. Zizia aptera (A. Gray) Fernald (heart-leaved golden Alexanders, heart-leaved meadow parsnip)

Pl. 214 g, h; Map 893

Stems 20–60 cm long. Basal leaves with the blades 2–15 cm long, simple or 1 time ternately lobed or compound, the leaflets (when present) 1–9 cm long, broadly ovate to oblong-obovate or lanceolate, narrowed to rounded (often unequally) or cordate at the base, sometimes with 1 or 2 lobes toward the base. Stem leaves similar to the basal leaves, mostly 1 time ternately compound, less commonly simple or 1 or 2 times ternately lobed, those just above the stem base usually about as big as or somewhat larger than the basal leaves, the uppermost leaves somewhat reduced in size. Rays 11–16, 0.6–3.2(–5.0) cm long. 2n=22. April–June.

Scattered, mostly south of the Missouri River (U.S. [except for some southern and northeastern states]; Canada). Mesic to dry upland forests, upland prairies, glades, ledges and tops of bluffs, and occasionally banks of streams; also roadsides.