Published In:
Les Liliacées...a Paris t. 37. 1803. (Aug 1803) ( Liliac.) 
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Contributor Text
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S.I. Ali
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl.Per.: March-May (July)
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Type
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Type: The illustration of ‘Tulipa persica praecox’ in Clusius, Curae posteriores p. 9. 1611 (Marais l. c.).
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Distribution
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Distribution: Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh); naturalised in Southern Europe. 1000-3500 m.
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Comment/Acknowledgements
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Tulipa clusiana DC. is accepted here in a broader sense as a polymorphic species. S. Dasgupta and Deb (l.c.) hav ing prepared the scatter diagram, using various morphological characters, tried to correlate the variation patterns with the geographical and altitudinal distribution. They came to the conclusion that five different forms may be recognised. According to the cytological information provided by Hall (l.c.) diploids, tetraploids and pentaploids are also involved in this complex, however, as the diploids and tetraploids are morphologically similar, they are classified together. Local people in Kashmir eat the bulb as vegetable.
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Map Location
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A-6 Chitral: Mastuj track, Kurgah, 9000 ft, on open slopes, 26. 5. 1958, J. D. A. Stainton 2525 (BM); B-6 Chitral, Drosh, 4500 ft, March, S. M. Toppin (K); Lowari Pass, 8000 ft, on open grass slopes, petals white inside with red blotch at base, alternatively red and white outside, 1.5.1958, J.D.A.Stainton 2342 (BM); Chitral, Birmogh Lasht, 35º.55'N 71º.46'E, 11000 ft, bright yellow and bright red, an attractive variety, 29.5.1958, S. A. Bowes Lyon 731 (BM); Brumboret Gol, N. of Drosh, 7000 ft, on stony slopes and rock ledges, petals yellow inside, alternatively red and yellow outside, 17.4.1958, J.D.A. Stainton 2233 (BM); Chitral, Bomboret Gol, S. W. of Chitral, 35o.41'N 71o.38'E, 8000 ft, steep rocky slopes, very variable in colour, yellow or white and red or pink and in depth of bulb, 18 April, S. A. Bowes Lyon 603 (BM); B-8 Kashmir, Pahalgaon, Ludlow & Sherriff 7600 (BM); Kashmir, Bandapur, Wular Lake, 5200 ft, in fields, white, undersurface of outer whorl of perianth crimson, anthers purple, 22.4.1940, Ludlow & Sherriff 7589 (BM); Astor to Doyen, 1982, W. M. Conway s.n. (K); Indus valley, Dras, Baramula, 9000 ft, P. M. Kohli 2 (K); Kashmir, 4 miles above Dras, 10400 ft, on rocky hillside, near Treaty Road, flowers yellow inside, tinged red outside, 24.5.1928, B. B. Osmaston 108 (K); Liddar valley, Baisarau, 25.5.1901, Inayat s.n. (K); Kashmir, Tragbal, 22.4.1930, E. Barnes (K); Cachemire; entre Rattu et Gurikot, pâturages secs. 2500-2800 m, 25. 5. 1954, F. Schmid 1764 (BM); Ladak, Dras, 10500 ft, on rock faces and also on grassy swards, flowers yellow, outer most whorl of perianth suffused with red, abundant, local people eat the bulbs, 30. 5. 1941, Ludlow & Sherriff 8320 (BM); Ladak, Pandras, Dras, 10300 ft, 29. 5. 1947, R. C. F. Schomburg 40 (BM); C-6 Kohat, March 1922, J. H. Barbour s.n. (BM); Kurram valley, 1.5.1894, Harsukh 14891 (K); Kurram valley, Malana Tangi, 15.4.1894, Harsukh 14775 (K); Kurram valley, Sadatkalla, 8.4.1879, J. E. T. Aitchison 62 (K); Kurram valley, Malik Bagh, 24.4.1894, Harsukh 14814 (K); Kurram, 1907, Sir Harold Dean (K); C-7 Rawalpindi, 27.7.1872, J.E.T. Aitchison 1119 (K); Rawalpindi, Topi Park, 17.3.1940, P. M. Pinfold 33 (BM); Cliffs opposite Huripur, 8.5.1847, J. E. Winterbottom 140 (K); C-8 Kashmir, Baltal, Sind valley, 9700 ft, 10. 4. 1925, R. Meinertzhagen s. n. (BM); C-9 Kashmir valley, Daksum (33o.36'N, 76o.25'E), 7000 ft, on open rocky slopes, tepals red and yellow, 2.5. 1976, J. D. A. Stainton 7529 (BM); D-4 Baluchistan, Shelabagh, Khojak Pass, 11.4.1888, J. F. Duthie 8722 (K); Kach, 7.4.1886, J. S. Gamble 41 (K); Quetta, 11. 1884, Capt. Appleton (K); Between Quetta and Zhob, Oct. 1931, C. H. Stockley H2351 (K); Quetta, 8.4. 1888, J. F. Duthie 8722 (BM); Quetta, April 87, Lace (K); Ghushki, 11.4.1886, Lace s.n. (K); Quetta, 1918, B. Stilwell s.n. (K).
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Bulbs lie a little below the soil, 1.5-4.5 x 1-3.5 cm, ovoid or globose, producing stolons which end in daughter bulbs. Tunics brown, coriaceous, woolly inside at the tip. Stem 7-52 cm long, lower 1/2-1/3 underground, glabrous. Leaves 3-6, alternate, sparse, or crowded, (2)-4-30 x 0.2-1.5 cm, linear, linear-lanceolate, acute-acuminate, margin often wavy. Flowers solitary terminal, variable in colour, flowers white with pink outside or with pink or yellow basal blotch or flowers yellow with violet or red outside or flowers yellow suffused with red. Peduncle 4-30 cm long, glabrous. Tepals 2-6 x 0.5-1.9 cm, elliptic or oblanceolate, outer acute, inner obtuse, glabrous. Stamens less than half the length of tepals, glabrous. Filamets, anthers and pollens purple; anthers longer and shorter than filaments. Pistil as long as stamen, style absent, stigma ± trifid. Capsule 2-3.5 x 1.5-2.5 cm, trilobed, trilocular. Seeds compressed, brown, semicircular, thickened at margins.
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