(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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Species
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HIBISCUS TILIACEUS L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 694. 1753.-Fig. 1, 2(A).
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Synonym
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Hibiscus abutiloides Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Reg. Berol. 736. 1809. Paritium tiliaceum (L.) St.-Hil. iet al., Fl. Bras. Merid. 1 256. 1828.
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Description
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Shrub or tree 2-13 m high, evergreen, the branchlets minutely stellate-tomen- tellous to stellate-puberulus. Leaves rather long-petiolate, the petiole terete, up to 14.5 cm long, minutely stellate-tomentellous to stellate-puberulus, the stipules large, oblong-ovate, semiamplexicaul, acute, stellate-tomentellous, early caducous and leaving a conspicuous annular scar around the branches; blade circular or nearly so, deeply cordate at the base, usually abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, generally entire or sometimes minutely crenulate at the margin, up to 19 cm long and 18.5 cm wide, coriaceous, strongly discolor, 7- to 9(-11) -palminerved, the upper surface green when fresh, brown when dry and glabrescent, the lower surface grayish-stellate-tomentellous, with prominent venation and commonly with an elongate open gland- at the base of the median vein or of the 3 central veins. Flow- ers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters at the end of the branchlets, the pedicel short, stout, 0.5-1.8 cm long, stellate-tomentellous; epicalyx cupuliform, irregularly 8- to 11-lobed, 1.4-2 cm long, stellate-tomentellous, the lobes acute, 0.5-1.5 cm long; calyx cupuliform, lobed to below the middle, 2.2-3 cm long, stel- late-tomentellous, the lobes narrowly ovate, acute, 1.3-2.2. cm long, 3-nerved; petals obovate to broadly obovate, cuneiform at the base, rounded at the apex, (4-) 5-8 cm long, bright yellow or sometimes orange, fading greenish or reddish, often blackish when dry; staminal tube up to 3.7 cm long, antheriferous throughout, the filaments ca 0.6-0.7 cm long; style ca 1 cm longer than the staminal tube, the branches ca 0.5 cm long, the stigmas densely fimbrillate. Capsule surrounded by the persistent epicalyx and calyx, ovoid or subglobose, apiculate, 1.5-3.5 cm in diam, the valves stellate-tomentellous; seeds reniform, ca 4-4.5 mm long, minutely papillate.
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Habit
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Shrub or tree
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Note
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A very variable species widely distributed on tropical beaches and in man- grove swamps in both hemispheres. In Panama it is known as majagua. The bast fibers of the stem are used by the aborigines in making cordage, fishlines, nets and cloth.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: vic of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 1349 (MO), 1939 (MO, US); Water Valley, von Wedel 837 (MO), 1795 (MO, US); Isla Colon, von Wedel 90 (MO), 516 (MO); Shepherd Island, von Wedel 2729 (MO, US); Tidal flat nr Garey Creek south- east of Almirante across bay, McDaniel 5150 (MO); lower Changuinola River, Dunlap 133 (F), Stork 133 (US). CANAL ZONE: Fort Sherman, 0. F. Cook s. n. (US), Dwyer & A. Robyns 170 (MO); nr Fort Sherman, Standley 31154 (US); nr Fort Randolph, Standley 28754 (US); nr Thatcher ferry, P. White 85 (MO); nr Farfan, Stern & Chambers 28 (F, MO, US); Venado Beach, Point Brujas, nr Fort Kobbe on Pacific Coast, Welch 19847 (MO). CHIRI- QuI: vic of Puerto Armuelles, alt 0-75 m, Woodson & Schery 810 (MO, US). COLON: France Field, Stevens 1323 (US); Maria Chiquita, Ebinger 453 (MO); between Fat6 and Playa de Damas, Pittier 3939 (US). DARIEN: Puerto St. Dorotea, Dwyer 223.3 (MO), 2234 (MO). PANAMA: Old Panama, Christopherson 175 (US); San Carlos, Allen 733 (MO, US), 1134 (MO, US); Punta Paitilla, Standley 26309 (US); nr Chepo, Kluge 42 (F, US); Taboga Island, Bro. Celestine 90 (US), Miller 1960 (US); Isla Taboguilla, Duke 5874 (MO); Isla de Pedro Gonzales, Allen 2585 (MO), Dwyer 1714 (MO); San Jose Island, Erlanson 11 (GH, US), Johnston 246 (GH); Islas de Perlas, Johansen 119 (US). SAN BLAS: plain of Sperdi, nr Puerto Obaldia, nr sea level, Pittier 4361 (US). VERAGUAS: Isla de Coiba, Mendez 141 (MO).
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