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(Last Modified On 10/22/2012)
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(Last Modified On 10/22/2012)
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Species
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ECHINOCHLOA CRUSPAVONIS (H.B.K.) Schult.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Mant. 2:269. 1824.
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Synonym
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Oplismenus cruspavonis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:108. 1815. Panicum sabulicola Nees, Agrost. Bras. 258. 1829. Panicum cruspavonis Nees, Agrost. Bras. 259. 1829. Panicum aristatum Macfad. Bot. Misc. (Hook.) 2:115. 1831. Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth, Enum. P1. 1:147. 1833. Panicum jamaicensis Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2:257. 1841. Panicum crusgalli var. sabulicola Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 22:142. 1877. Oplismenus angustifolius Fourn. Mex. P1. 2:40. 1886. Echinochloa sabulicola Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:257. 1913. Echinocbloa crusgalli cruspavonis Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22:148. 1920. Echinochloa zelayensis var. subaristata Wiegand, Rhodora 23:54. 1921.
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Description
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Annual; culms soft and somewhat succulent but rather coarse, erect or decumbent at the base, compressed, glabrous, shiny, 0.5-1.5 m. high; lower sheaths longer, the upper shorter than the internodes, compressed, keeled, rather loose, glabrous; ligule wanting; blades elongate, acuminate, 5-15 mm. wide, the margins scabrous; panicles 10-20 cm. long, nodding, the branches densely flowered, the lower ones rather distant, the upper ones crowded, ascending or appressed; spike- lets 3 mm. long, rather narrow, sparsely hispid on the nerves, hispidulous between the nerves; first glume broad, triangular, acute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, as long as or a little shorter than the fruit, 5- to 7-nerved, the glume acuminate or short-awned, the lemma with an awn 1-10 mm. long, sometimes with a palea about as long as the lemma; fruit elliptic, smooth and shining, abruptly acuminate-pointed.
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Distribution
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Along ditches and in moist or wet ground, tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres; southern United States and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Fendler 365; between Miraflores and Pedro Miguel, Pittier 2508; Victoria Fill, Allen I707; between Pedro Miguel and Corozal, Hitchcock 7958; Corozal, Standley 27400; Anc6n, Killip 4I07; Bro. Celestine 18; Balboa, Hitchcock 7999; Standley 30876.
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