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(Last Modified On 1/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/14/2013)
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Species
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TRIPLARIS CUMINGIANA Fischer & Meyer
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PlaceOfPublication
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Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 66:149. 1840.
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Synonym
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? Triplaris lindeniana Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 313:266. 1849.
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Description
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Small trees up to 15 m. high, the upper branches geniculate, usually glabrous, reddish to grayish brown. Leaves subsessile to petiolate, the petioles canaliculate and up to 2 cm. long; blades oblong, mostly 2.5-4 times as long as broad, 15-25 (-30) cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, apically acute to acuminate, basally rounded to acute, glabrous except for the strigose midribs and occasionally the lateral veins below, with 18-30 pairs of lateral veins. Staminate inflorescences of fascicles closely approximated to the rhachises forming compact spikes up to 1 cm. broad, the spikes simply or racemosely disposed; perianth in one series of 3 linear and 3 narrowly deltoid tepals 3-4 mm. long, connate for about half their length; filaments 4-6 mm. long, adnate to the tepals for 1.5-2 mm.; anthers 1-1.5 mm. long. Pistillate flowers with pedicels 2.5-9 mm. long, the sepals becoming 30-50 mm. long, the free wings 2-3 times as long as the tubes; wings oblanceolate with
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Habit
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tree
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Description
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blunt to acute apices, 3-nerved, plicate just above the tube, the tubes more pubes- cent without than within; petals 12-18 mm. long, adnate to the tube for 2-5 mm., occasionally auriculate or tubular near the peak of adnation; ovary trigonous; styles 3, 2-5 mm. long, their inner surfaces stigmatic. Achenes 8-12 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, yellowish-brown; facies ovate, not sulcate, often strongly veined or verrucose.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Between Mt. Hope and Santa Rita Trail, Cowell 63; Victoria Fill, near Miraflores Lock, Allen I700; vicinity of former town Empire, Culebra Cut and vicinity, Hunter d Allen 777; Ft. Clayton, Piper 6oii; Ft. Clayton, Wheeler & Zetek in I923; Pa. Rr. Sta., Sutton Hayes 97I; no spec. loc., Christopherson I4I. DARIEN: trail between Pinogana and Yaviza, Allen 293; R. Chucunaque, Leopold I46; along Interamerican Hwy. between Pinogana and Yaviza, 1 km. from Tuira, Stern, Chambers et al. I26; vicinity of Campamento Buena Vista, R. Chucunaque, above confluence with R. Tuquesa, Stern, Chambers et al. 858. PANAMA: Chiva-chiva Rd., 100 m., Allen 4269; Chepo, Kluge 38. SAN BLAS: Perme, Cooper 644 & 647. PROVINCE UNKNOWN: Sutton Hayes 386.
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Note
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This, the commonly collected species in Panama, ranges from Costa Rica to Ecuador. In the 'West Indies and elsewhere it is cultivated as an ornamental. Palo santo and guayabo hormiguero are Panamanian names for the tree, the light-grained wood of which is occasionally used in construction. Stern, Chambers et al. 858 is a particularly edifying collection. Although the tree was in fruit, the leaves were newly unfolding. The very young leaves are quite membranaceous and have 5-6 lines paralleling the midrib on either side. These lines represent folds incurred in the vernation in the strigose, fusiform terminal bud. Juvenile leaves are often unusually broad and may have fewer secondary veins, thus resulting perhaps in confusion with T. melaenodendron. In Colombia T. curmingiana grades into closely related T. surinamensis Cham., which ranges from Colombia to Brazil, chiefly on the eastern half of the continent. T. surinamensis differs in having subglabrous rhachises, petals almost free of the calyx tube, and non-strigose foliar midribs, these often with a down tufted in the axils formed with the secondary veins. Intermediates between T. cuinmingiana and T. surinamensis are encountered and may possibly account for the obscure names T. vahliana Fischer & Meyer and T. purdei Meissner. In Ecuador T. cumingiana appears to grade into the larger-fruited T. guayaquilensis Wedd. (inc. T. arnotti- ana Meissner). T. lindeniana Wedd, with slightly narrower outer tepals, will probably prove, in a more concentrated study, to be conspecific with T. cumingiana.
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