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(Last Modified On 1/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/14/2013)
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Species
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POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES Michx.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Fl. Bor. 1:239. 1803.
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Synonym
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Polygonum barbatum Walt. Fl. Car. 131. 1788. not L. Polygonum mite Persoon, Syn. P1. 1:440. 1805. Polygonum virgatum Cham. & Schlect. in Linnaea 3:45. 1828. Polygonum hydropiperoides P virgatum Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 51:17. 1855. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. strigosum Small, in Bull. Torr. Club 9:355. 1892. Polygonum hydropiperoides macouni.Small, in Mem. Dept. Bot. Col. Coll. 1:81. 1895. Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small, F1. SE. U. S. 378. 1903. Polygonurn hydropiperoides f. Ieucochranthum Moore, in Rhodora 16:129. 1914. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. digitatum Fernald, in Rhodora 23:260. 1922. Polygonum hydropiperoides f. strigosum (Small) Stanford, in Rhodora 28:26. 1926. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. macerum Stanford, loc. cit. 26. 1926. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. sanebelense Stanford, loc. cit. 27. 1926. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. bushianum Stanford, loc. cit. 27. 1926. Polygonum hydropiperoides var. asperifolium Stanford, loc. cit. 27. 1926.
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Description
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Slender subglabrous perennials, occasionally creeping and rooting at the lower nodes. Leaves punctate with inconspicuous pellucid glands, usually strigillose on the veins below, entire but minutely ciliate on the margins, apically long-attenuate, the bases decurrent on the petioles; blades narrowly lanceolate, slightly falcate, 4-15 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. broad; ochreae 1-3 cm. long, with apical cilia up to 8 mm. long. Inflorescences of terminal, lax, often drooping, subspicate racemes or panicles, the peduncles glabrous; floriferous portions interrupted, 5-15 cm. long, about 0.5 cm. broad, the flowers fasciculate in ciliate ochreolae 2-3 mm. long. Flowers mauve to greenish, the pedicels apically articulated and ultimately exceed- ing the ochreolae by about 1 mm.; tepals usually 5, subequal, ovate, becoming 2-3 mm. long; stamens usually 8, discrete, affixed just above the base of the tepals; filaments about 1 mm. long; anthers less than 0.5 mm. in diameter, subrotund, versatile, thus appearing peltate; ovary trigonous; styles 3, about 1 mm. long, connate for about 0.5 mm.; stigmata capitate. Achenes triquetrous (in Panama), with ovate facies and inconspicuous beaks, brown to black, 2-3 mm. long.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Gigante Bay, Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 840; Barro Colorado Island, Kenoyer 347.
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Distribution
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Usually inhabiting meadows and stream banks, this species ranges from Canada to Central and South America
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Note
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it is supposed to merge with P. persicarioides HBK. In regions of Guatemala it is called for de chajutal (fide Standley & Steyermark, in Field Mus. Bot. 244: 126. 1946.). Intergradation, south of the continental borders of the United States, prompted Stanford (in Rhodora 28:25. 1926.) to reduce P. persicarioides HBK. to varietal status under P. hydropiperoides. In the Central American material however, P. persicarioides seems more distinct from P. hydropiperoides than does P. punctatum. Recent workers have probably rightly upheld P. persicarioides as a distinct species. It occurs at moderate eleva- tions in Guatemala, Costa Rica and South America and is perhaps to be expected in Panama.
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