Accepted By:
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Hitchcock, C. H., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1969. Vascular Cryptogams, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons. 1: 1–914. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
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Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
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Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the United States and Canada. 389 pp.
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Scoggan, H. J. 1978 [1979]. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. 2: 93–545. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
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Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and Their Allies. 247 pp.
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Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
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