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(Last Modified On 10/24/2013)
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Species
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Cyathea nigripes (C. Chr.) Domin,
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PlaceOfPublication
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Pteridophyta 263. 1929.
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Synonym
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Alsophila nigripes C. Chr., Index Filic. 45. 1905, nom. nov. for Alsophila melanopus Hook., Syn. Fil. ed. 1. 37. 1866, non Hassk. (1855).
Trichipteris nigripes (C. Chr.) Barrington, Rhodora 78: 4. 1976. Lectotype (designated by Barrington, 1978): Ecuador. Chimborazo: Mt. Chimborazo, Spruce 5742 (K not seen; isolectotype, P not seen).
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Description
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Trunk 2-8 m tall, ca. 10 cm wide; petiole brown, muricate to spiny, the spines up to 5 mm long, scales (in the Andes) 20-30 x 2-4 mm, narrowly lanceolate to linear, brown with a very narrow white margin, thin but with a slightly thickened base, or (in Costa Rica and Panama) 10-20 x 2-3 mm, narrowly lanceolate, blackish or dark brown with very narrow white borders, thick (especially at the base); scurf consisting of numerous brown squa- mellae; lamina 1.5-2 m long, 2-pinnate-pinnatisect, ovate (?), gradually tapered to the apex; pinnae alternate, number of pairs unknown; pinnules 8-15 x 1.5-2 cm, stalked to 3 mm, with the sides parallel for most of their length or gradually tapered, the apex acuminate; ultimate segments 3-4 mm wide, 18-22 pairs per pinnule, entire to crenulate, obtuse to acute; rachis and costae brown, pubescent (in the Andes), the hairs ca. 0.2 mm long, antrorse, or (in Costa Rica) lacking hairs or nearly so and moder- ately squamellate, the squamellae 0.2-0.5 mm long, brown, ovate and occasionally subbullate, erect (Fig. 9d); costules scaly, the scales ca. 1 mm long, ovate to lanceolate, shiny blackish brown with white erose margins, scurf present, minute, hairlike; midribs of the ultimate segments with minute hairlike scurf; veins 1-forked, 8-10 pairs per ultimate segment, with minute scurf; laminar tissue between the veins glabrous; sori inframedial, borne at the vein fork, nonindusiate, lacking delicate scales; paraphyses shorter than the sporangia, inconspicuous, light brown.
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Specimen
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COSTA RICA. ALAJUELA: 18 km N of San Ram6n, 1,200 m, Armond 147 (F, MO); N of San Ram6n, ca. 4 km N of Balsa along road to Colonia Palmarenia, 1,300 m, Lellinger 1251 (UC), 1229 (MO). CARTAGO: valley of the Rio Grande del Orosi, Ta- panti to 7 km S, ca. 20 km SW of Cartago, 1,500 m, Tryon & Tryon 7024 (F); slopes 4.5 km from bridge at Tapanti, ca. 1,500 m, White & Lucansky 1968120 (US). SAN JOSE: 17 km N of San Isidro del General toward Cerro de la Muerte, 1,160 m, Gastony & Gastony 754 (F); La Palma and vicinity, ca. 17 km NE of San Jose, above La Hondura, 1,450 m, Gastony & Gastony 769 (F); La Ventana, adelante de La Palma, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 1,200-1,300 m, Perez-Garcia 199 (MO). CO- LOMBIA. CALDAS: Rio Santa Rita, Salento, 1,600-1,800 m, Killip & Hazen 9013 (US). CAUCA: Km 19 on road from Cali to Buenaventura, Barrington 501 (US). EL VALLE: Hoya del Rio Digua, Quebrada del San Juan, subiendo a Paragiiita desde Queremal, 1,570-1,740 m, Cuatrecasas 23813 (US); Santa Helena, above Topacio, edge of Los Farallones de Cali National Park, 1,940 m, Gentry & Monsalve 53153 (MO, UC); Mpio. Calima, valle Sevilla-Barragan, 1 km de Sevilla, 1,600 m, Sil- verstone 692 (MO, UC). VALLE DEL CAUCA: hoya del Rio Calima, El Cairo, entre Darien y Mediacanoa, 1,650- 1,750 m, Cuatrecasas 13930 (US); hoya del Rio Cali, Pichind6, Alto de las Brisas, 2,160 m, Cuatrecasas 18240 (US); native forest of Finca Kyburz, E slope above the Bitaco River, Bitaco Valley 1 km above and E of Bitaco, Pacific slope of the western cordillera, ca. 1,500 m, Hutchison & Idrobo 3003 (MO, UC, US). ECUADOR. COTOPAXI: Cacaoal, Bell 918 (UC). PICHINCHA: Coraz6n, in Aug. 1892, Sodiro s.n. (UC); prope Sta. Domingo, 10/884, Sodiro s.n. (MO). DEPT. UNKNOWN: San Flo- rentino, Sodiro s.n. (UC); near Angaurura, 12/906, So- diro s.n. (MO).
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Note
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Cyathea nigripes grows in wet forests from Costa Rica to Ecuador from 1,200 to 1,940 m. The Costa Rican and Panamanian specimens differ from the Andean ones by their conspicuously squamellate and nearly hairless rachises and costae, and smaller, darker, thicker petiole scales. Further study may reveal that they represent a distinct species. Although Tryon & Stolze (1989) treated Cyathea nigripes in Peru, I have not seen a bona fide spec- imen of C. nigripes from that country, and the specimens they cited are probably referable to other species. For example, Mexia 6191 is referable to C. tortuosa, and it is likely that the other specimens cited from the departments of Amazonas and Madre de Dios also represent that species. Two other spec- imens that they cited (Croat 21153 and Smith et al. 1179) are certainly not C. nigripes, but I am not sure to what species they belong and perhaps they represent an undescribed species. These spec- imens differ from C. nigripes by lacking hairs on the axes, having brown or whitish bullate scales with filiform apices along the costules, strongly ascending veins, medial sori, and petiole scales without narrow whitish margins.
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Key
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Key to the species formerly included in Cyathea nigripes
la. Sori inframedial; largest pinnules 10-15 cm long, stalked 1-3 mm; lobes 15-20 per pinnule; veins 8-10 pairs per ultimate segment; (300-) 1,000-1,600 m; Costa Rica to Ecuador .... ................................. C . nigripes
lb. Sori medial to supramedial; pinnules 5-10 cm long, sessile or rarely short-stalked to 1 mm; lobes 10-17 per pinnule; veins 4-7 pairs per ultimate segment.
2a. Axes lacking hairs; at least some of the scales on the costae and costules linear- filiform; 0-300(-1,000) m; Choc6 region of western Colombia and northwestern Ec- uador ..................... C. brunnescens
2b. Axes pubescent with hairs 1-1.5 mm long; none of the scales on the costae and cos- tules linear-filiform.
3a. Costules and midribs of the ultimate segments pubescent with sublate, spreading, 4-7-celled hairs 0.8-1.5 mm long and tortuous, whitish to hy- aline, mostly appressed hairs; largest pinnules 7-10 cm long; lobes 12-17 pairs per pinnule; veins glabrous or nearly so; sori with delicate, hyaline, irregular scales (these easily detached and often not present on a given so- rus); 200-550(-800) m; Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru ...... ........................... C . tortuosa
3b. Costules and midribs of the lobes pu- bescent with subulate hairs as in the above species, but lacking tortuous, white to hyaline, mostly appressed hairs; largest pinnules 5-7 cm long; lobes 10-13 pairs per pinnule; veins sparsely pubescent; sori lacking deli- cate, hyaline, irregular scales; 800- 1,500 m; Panama/Colombia border ...................... C. darienensis
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