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(Last Modified On 10/24/2013)
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Species
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Cyathea brunnescens (Barrington) R. C. Moran,
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Note
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Basionym: Trichipteris ni- gripes var. brunnescens Barrington, Rhodora 78: 4, t. 1, fig. 6. 1976. Cyathea nigripes var. brunnescens (Barrington) Lellinger, Amer. Fern J. 77: 101. 1988. TYPE: Colombia. Valle: Rio Yurumangui, Veneral, 5-50 m, Cuatre- casas 16155-C (holotype, US; isotype, GH not seen).
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Description
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Trunk 1.5-5 m tall, 3-4 cm wide; petiole brown, spiny to tuberculate, the scales 20-30 x 3-5 mm, lanceolate with long-acuminate apices, concolorous, brown, scurf consisting of numerous brown squa- mellae; lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, the apex abrupt- ly contracted and pinnalike; pinnae stalked, the stalk 1-3 cm; pinnules 6-10 x 1.5-2.3 cm, sessile; ultimate segments 2-4 mm wide, 12-16 pairs per pinnule, entire to crenulate, obtuse; rachis and cos- tae light brown to tan, not spiny, lacking hairs, scaly, the scales flat or becoming bullate on the distal portions of the lamina, brown, varying from large and ovate-lanceolate to minute and linear-filiform; veins 1-forked or rarely simple, 5-7 pairs per ul- timate segment, sparsely scaly with filiform scales; laminar tissue between the veins glabrous; sori me- dial to supramedial, the paraphyses shorter than the sporangia, brown; indusium absent but scales often attached to the receptacle, the scales very delicate, hyaline, irregular, evanescent.
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Specimen
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COLOMBIA. CAUCA: Rio Naya near El Pastico, 20-100 m, Gentry & Juncosa 40624 (MO); C6rdoba, Dagua Valley, 30-100 m, Pittier 513 (US), 519 (US). CHOC6: La Concepci6n, 15 km E of Quibd6, Archer 2090 (US); Mun. de Quibd6, sector puente de Cabi, carretera a Istmina, Arias et al. 128 (MO); Mun. de Quibd6, Quebrada La Platina, carretera a Medellin, Arias et al. 157 (MO); along road between Quibd6 and Istmina, 6.6 km S of Quibd6, ca. 100 m, Croat 52146 (MO); Rio Negro, between Quibd6 and Tutunendo, 80 m, Cuatrecasas & Llano 24215 (US); Rio Serrano, afluente del Rio Atrato, Forero et al. 1389 (MO); Hoya del Rio San Juan, Quebrada Taparal, afluente del Rio San Juan, alrededores de la comunidad indigena Waunana de Taparalito, 5-10 m, Forero et al. 4310 (MO, US); Mun. de Quibd6, Carretera Quibd6o-Tutenen- do, 15 km de Quibd6, 45 m, Forero & Jaramillo 2553 (MO); Mun. de Quibd6o, corregimiento de Guayabal, Rio Hug6n, 80 m, Forero & Jaramillo 2789 (MO); Hoya del Rio San Juan, Palestina, cerro al frente de la poblaci6n, 30-40 m, Forero & Jaramillo 4492 (MO, US); Mun. de Itsmina, Quebrada Raspadura, entre Raspadura y Quiad6, divorcio de aguas de las Hoyas del Rio Atrato y del Rio San Juan, Forero & Jaramillo 5315 (MO, US); carretera Quibd6-Guayabal, 4 km de Quibd6, 40 m, Forero et al. 1420 (MO); Mun. de N6vita, vereda Llan- adas, ladera N del Cerro Torra, filo al Oeste del Rio Surama, 600-900 m, Forero et al. 3094 (MO); Carretera Tutunendo-El Carmen, margen del Rio Atrato, 600 m, Forero et al. 5969 (MO, US); area of Baud6, left bank of Rio Baud6, 11.5 km upstream from the estuary, near Quebrada Anguerado, Fuchs & Zanella 22158 (US); Istmina, carretera a C6rtegui, 75 m, Garcia-Barriga 11180 (US); trail to Tubad6, Quibd6o-Tutenendo road 14 km NE of Quibd6, 90 m, Gentry & Renteria A. 24301 (MO); hills near highest point of Bagado-Certegui trail, 130-180 m, Juncosa 1546 (MO); S of Rio Condoto, between Quebrada Guarapo and Mandinga, 120-180 m, Killip 35132 (US); NW side of Alto del Buey, 950- 1,450 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 212 (US); 1.5-2.5 km W of Istmina along the road to Pie de Pepe, 75-100 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 428 (US); Mojarras de Tad6, 8.5 km E of Istmina, 150-250 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 415 (US); low hills behind the beach, 1-1.5 km NW of El Valle N of the lagoon, 25-75 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 361 (US). EL VALLE: Rio Naya, Puerto Merizalde, 5-20 m, Cuatrecasas 14072 (US); La Trojita, Rio Cal- jambre, 5-80 m, Cuatrecasas 16989 (US); San Isidro, Rio Cajambre, 5-100 m, Cuatrecasas 17297 (US); Rio Cajambre, Silva, 5-80 m, Cuatrecasas 17478 (US); Bajo Calima Concessi6n, ca. 16 km NW of Buenaventura, at end of Gasolina road, Juanchaco area, 50 m, Faber- Langendoen et al. 750 (MO, UC); C6rdoba, Dagua Val- ley, Killip 11815 (US); Agua Clara, along hwy. from Buenaventura to Cali, ca. 100 m, Killip & Cuatrecasas 38884 (UC, US); C6rdoba, 50-100 m, Killip & Garcia 33421 (US); foothills of mountains near Buenaventura, ca. 2 hr. by bus from Cali, 100 m, van der Werff & Brown 9750 (MO, UC). NARIaO: Quebrada La Toma, on Rio Telembi, between Rio Pimbi and Rio Cuembi, above Barbacoas, 70 m, Ewan 16860 (UC, US). ECUADOR. PICHINCHA:Tinalandia, property of Hotel Tinalandia, 9.6 km E of Santo Domingo de los Colorados, S of hwy. to Aloag and Quito, above Rio Toachi, 700 m, Croat 55708 (MO, UC).
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Note
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I consider C. brunnescens to be a species (rather than a variety of C. nigripes as it has previously been treated) because its distinguishing character- istics do not intergrade with those of other species and there are several that correlate: lack of hyaline subulate hairs on the axes, presence of linear-filiform brownish scales on the axes, medial sori, and sessile pinnules. In addition to these characteristics, C. brunnescens differs from C. nigripes (Fig. 9) by having 5-7 veins per lobe (vs. 8-10) and occurring at lower elevations. Cyathea brunnescens is most closely related to C. schiedeana, which is another reason for not treating it as a variety of C. nigripes. Although C. brunnescens and C. schiedeana differ in the kinds of scales found on the axes (bullate vs. linear-fili- form), they share several characteristics that distin- guish them from C. nigripes (as well as many other species of Cyathea): well-developed petiole spines, sessile pinnules, fewer pairs of ultimate segments (10-14) per pinnule, fewer pairs of veins (4-7) pairs per ultimate segment, and medial sori. The lamina of C. brunnescens typically dries dark brownish green. This species is endemic to the Choco floristic region from 0 to 300(to 1,000) m. Lellinger's (1989) citation of this species (as C. nigripes var. brun- nescens) from 1,500 m, Cerro Pirre, Panama, ac- tually represents a specimen of C. darienensis. (See the discussion under C. darienensis.) New circumscription of Cyathea nigripes Cyathea nigripes has been poorly characterized in the past because not enough attention was paid to features of the hairs and scales on the abaxial surface of the lamina. The removal herein of the three species necessitates a new description of C. nigripes in the strict sense. After the following de- scription is a key to C. nigripes and the three species previously included in it.
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