Published In:
Species Plantarum 2: 816. 1753. (1 May 1753) ( Sp. Pl.)   
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(Last Modified On 5/16/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 1/8/2021)
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Contributor Text:
Abdul Ghafoor
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text:
Lappa vulgaris Hill., Veg. Syst. 4: 28. t. 25. Fig. 1 a, b. 1762; Williams, Fl. Brit. 2: 53. 1901; Lappa officinalis All., Fl. Pedem. i. 145. 1785. Lappa major Gaert., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 379. 1791; Arctium majus Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erfurt 154: 1800 nom. Illeg. superfl.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: June-September Vern.: Birzung, Pitsuak(Lahaul), Jangli Kuth,Burdock, Nameehero (Astore)
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Type:
Lectotype: Europe, the illustration “Bardana”, sive Lappa maior” in R.Dodoéns, Stirp. Hist. Pempt. 2nd edn. 2:38. 1616 (fide H. Duistermaat, Taxon 52:851. 2003)
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Distribution:
Europe, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan and introduced in cultivation in many parts of the world (Australia, USA, Canada).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
Common in fields, pastures, forest scree also in waste, neglected places along roadsides, in ditches, along irrigation canals or channels (Swat, Kashmir, Ladakh) from 2000 to 4000 m.
This species is widely grown in eastern Asia (Japan) and N America for its roots and tender leaves which are diuretic, diaphoretic, alterative and considered antibiotic. It is said to be useful in lung diseases.
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Map Location:
A-7 Gilgit, Harmosh, Sharal (Khaltorow) a perennial herb to ± shrub, ca 1 m tall, fls green, leaves very long petioled (basal ones), common, July 2002, Sher Wali Khan 38 (KUH); B-6 Dir State, Place of Shahi, 9000 ft., on the mountains, dry soil, growing in sunshine, April 1963, Dr. Salim 5 (K); B-7 Swat, Kalam, 2400 m, R. R. Stewart 24715 (NY; RAW); Swat State, mountains east of Kalam, 25 miles above Bahrain, basal leaves large, glaucous beneath, Ca 9000 ft., 23 August 1952, R. J. Rodin 5681 (K); Sharda Rest House, Muzzafarabad, Erect, ca 30 cm tall, Fls. Purple, 3.9. 86, M. Qaiser & Rizwan Yousuf 8064 (KUH); Leepa Valley, Kashmir, Erect shrub, ca 1 m tall, in fruits, 26. 8. 72, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 5011 (KUH); Azad Kashmir, Sine Loc., 1956, Jan Mohammad s.n. (KUH); Mansehra Dist.: Naran (Kaghan Valley), ±8000 ft., 9.9.64, M.A. Siddiqui 2991(MICH); Muzaffarabad Dist.: Neelum Valley, Azad Kashmir, open grassy plain, near arable land, common, Shabbir Ijaz 122 (KUH); Kaghan-Naran, towards Youth Hostel, Aug. 1970, Iftikhar & Mehmood 300 (H); Karagbal, Kashmir, herb, ca 3 ft., Fls. Rose purple, waste ground, 8000 ft., August 2, 1936, Walter Koelz 9273 (NY); Above Uri , ± 7000 ft., R. R. Stewart & E. Nasir 24081 (KUH); Near Taubat – Halmat, Erect, fls. Pinkish, 25.9.1987, Tahir Ali, M. Qaiser & Ajmal Khan 616 (KUH); Azad Kashmir, Sonard, Neelum Vy 14.8. 1999, biennial with many fl. Heads, common in fields and pastures, Ulfat Hussain Zargar s. n. (KUH); Neelum Valley, Azad Kashmir, 2100 m, near arable land, common, 21.8.2015, Shabir Ijaz 121 (KUH); Srinagar, fls. purple, 5300 ft., 4.7.1891, G.A.Gammie s.n. (MICH); B-8 Astore Dist.: Rattu, near Power House, along roadside, grows in open sunny places, alt. 2550 m, perennial herb, up to 60 cm tall, common, flowers pinkish, Vern.: Namechhero, 25.8.2005, Ali Noor 132 (KUH); Kashmir, Vicinity of Pahlgam, On East Lidder River, 27 Road-Miles north of Islamabad, July-August, 1927, 1927, F.G.Dickason 961 (MICH); Tangmarg, Kashmir, ca 7500 ft., Sept. 2, 1929 R. R. Stewart 10575 (NY); Lambad, 8500 ft., herb, fruit prickly, 22 Oct. 1912, Fuller 215 (K); Kashmir, 1956, Jan Mohd. s.n. (KUH); B-8 Kashmir, above Pahlgam, 8500 ft. Avalanche gulley in forest scree, Fls. Pink, ca 3 ft high plants 23. 8. 1956, O. Polunin 56/471 (B); Purig (Kargil), Kashmir, 25-27 July 1933, Walter Koelz 6068 (MICH); Kashmir, Titwal, 23 September, 1837, Falconer s.n. (K); B-9 Lahul, Sissu, close to villages, 18.6.38, 10500 ft., N. L. Bor 9299 (KUH); Ladak, Mulbech, Reg. Temp. 12 – 13000 ft., 21.9.48, Thomas Thomson s.n. (K); C-7 Hazara Dist.: Kaghan Valley, Near Naran, August 1970, Iftikhar & Mehmood 300/I-206 (H); C-8 Kashmir, Poonch, ± 1000 ft, 23.7.1952, A.Rashid s.n. (MICH); Upper Chenab, 1890, Rellis 582 (K);
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Stout herb, upto 1.5 (-2) m tall, with arachneous to glabrescent, sulcate, ± purplish internodes. Leaves on solid, 10 – 40 cm long, canaliculate petioles, ovate to broadly ovate, 10 – 35 (-40) cm long, 8 – 30 (-35) cm wide, green and sparsely pubescent above, appressed greyish hairy below, truncate to shallowly cordate at base, margins dentate – undulate, obtuse. Capitula in lax, terminal corymbs, on 3 – 10 cm long peduncles, 3 – 4.5 cm across. Involucre hooked spiny, globoid in bud, 10 – 15 mm long, enlarged to 20 – 25 mm in fruit. Phyllaries 15 – 20 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm wide, glabrous or with few glandular hairs near base. Receptacle beset with 18 – 20 mm long bristles. Florets as long as phyllaries or slightly shorter. Corolla purple pink, tube 8 – 10 mm long, limb ca 6 mm long, lobes to 3 mm long. Cypselas compressed-fusiform, incurved, 5 – 6 (-7) mm long with distinct longitudinal ribs near apex and base, pitted rugose. Pappus 3 – 3.5 mm long, bristles unequal, barbed.
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