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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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Species
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Bidens triplinervia H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 4: 182. 1820.
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Note
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TYPE: Mexico, Humboldt & Bonpland (P, not seen).
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Synonym
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?Bidens andicola H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 4: 186. 1820. TYPE: Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (P, not seen). Bidens mollis Poepp. & Endlich., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 49. 1845. TYPE: Peru, Poeppig 1377 (W, not seen). Bidens humilis H.B.K. var. macrantha Wedd., ChIor. And. 1: 69. 1856. TYPE: Ecuador, Jameson 55 (G, K, neither seen). Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 80: 383. 1925. Bidens triplinervia var. mollis (Poepp. & Endlich.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 80: 383. 1925.
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Description
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Sprawling or ascending perennial herb, to 40 cm tall, sometimes much branched below; stems glabrous or pilose in lines, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, the internodes short or long. Leaves opposite, to 4 cm long, deeply lobed, sometimes trifoliolate or bi-compound, the sinuses narrow, the lobes 2-4 on each side, apically obtuse or acute, mucronulate, the basal half entire, acute; petiole short or to 7 mm long, basally ciliate. Inflorescence of 1-3 heads inserted between reduced, foliaceous bracts or branching from a common peduncle; peduncle slender, to 20 cm long, gradually narrowing upwards, sometimes with one or two bracteoles opposite or alternating along its length. Heads radiate, sometimes showy; involucral bracts in several series of about equal length, the outer series glabrate, 3 mm long, linear, apically rounded and mucronulate, the inner series dorsally pubescent at the base, broader, slightly longer; receptacle convex; paleas scarious, 7 mm long, the costa striate, the tip darkened; ray florets 5-8, the corolla yellow, broad, apically minutely 2-3-denticulate or entire, the venation prominent, 2-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, the style mostly wanting, the ovary sterile; disc florets numerous, the corolla yellowish, ca. 5 mm long, tubular, the limb expanded, tubular, the margins of the lobes thickened, papillose, the anthers ca. 2 mm long, yellowish, basally subauriculate, the appendages narrow, ligulate, the filaments glabrous, the style branches apically ascending-pilose with a short, papillose, linear appendix, the style base inserted in a cylindrical nectary, the ovary fertile. Achenes dimorphic, the outer series few, shorter, slightly incurved and dull, the innermost numerous, linear, deeply sulcate, black, shiny, mostly straight, glabrous or with a few minute ascending bristles near the apex; carpopodium yellowish; pappus of 2-4 short awns, retrorsely barbed, yellow, 1-2 mm long.
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Habit
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herb
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Note
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This species is known in Panama only from middle and upper elevations in the Chiriqui mountains. The small, toothed and deeply lobed, sometimes trifoliolate or bipinnate leaves, the showy yellow heads on long peduncles, plus the short, black, aristate needlelike achenes are distinctive. This species is quite similar to Bidens ostruthioides DC. which occurs in neighboring Costa Rica. Bidens ostruthioides is distinguished by its fertile ray florets and by its styles which are conspicuous on living material. It also has somewhat larger leaves, and the receptacle is glabrous.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: Llanos del Volcan, 1300 m, Allen 1545 (MO). Potrero Muleto, Volcan de Chiriqui, 10400 ft, Davidson 1008 (MO). Near Boquete, Duke 9179 (US). Volcan de Chiriqui, 11960 ft, Terey 1324 (MO). Top of El Barua, above 11000 ft, Tyson & Lofton 6169 (MO). W slope of El Baru', 10000-11000 ft, Tyson & Loftin 6152 (MO). Volcan de Chiriqui, 3500-4000{ m, Woodson & Schery 420 (MO).
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