Published In:
Flora Napolitana 5: 209. 1835[1836]. (1835–1836) ( Fl. Napol.) 
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(Last Modified On 5/16/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 1/6/2021)
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Contributor Text
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A. Ghafoor & M. Qaiser
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Contributor Institution
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Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text
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Carduus vulgaris Savi, Fl. Pis. 2: 241. 1798; Carduus lanceolatus L., Sp. Pl. 821. 1753; Ascallea lanceolata (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 72. 1769; Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 130. 1772 – non Hill (1769); Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 538. 1875; Cnicus lanceolatus (L.) Willd., Fl. Berol. Prodr. 529. 1787; Lophiolepis dubia Cass., Dict. Nat. Sci. 27: 183. 1823; Eriolepis lanceolata Cass., l. c. 41: 331. 1826; Cirsium silvaticum Tausch, Fl. 12: 38. 1829.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: July – August Vern.: Spear Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Bull Thistle
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Type
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Type: Italy, Pisa, G. Savi s.n (PI–holo)
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Distribution
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Throughout Europe, Siberia, Cyprus, North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Siberia; introduced in North America and Australia
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Comment/Acknowledgements
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Occurs in hilly wastelands, neglected pastures, stream sides and cultivated fields. It is usually undercollected due to its sharp spines on stem wings, leaves and involucre.
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Map Location
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A-6 Chitral Dist.: In valle Brumboret infra davasguru, 1500 – 1750 m, Kerstan 2082 (HAL); Chitral, im Yarkhun-Tal, Zwischen Reshu und Kaghozi, 1650-1800 m, Samen!, cult. in Horto Botanico Halensi (Finland),11.9.1935, G. Kerstan Nr. F121 (HAL # 112056); West Chitral, Kalasch Gebiet, Bumboret-Tal unterhalb von Daras guru, ca 1500-1750 m, G. Kerstan 2082 (HAL); Chitral, 3 km from Shoghor on way Karimabad, perennial, erect shrub, upto 3 ft. High, inflorescence pink,with spinescent phyllaries,growing near water channel, 20.7.1995, G.R. Sarwar & S. Omer 334 (KUH); Chitral City, along stream, erect, branched herb, common species for stream banks and riversides, 11.9.2004, Jan Alam and Imran 2921 (KUH); Chitral proper, grows near water canal, in stony place, erect branched herb upto ± 1.3 m tall, purple heads, common, 21st September 2004, Jan Alam 3004 (KUH); Near Airport, Chitral, soil sandy clay, Plants 1.5 m tall, Fls. Pink, 21.7.1971, Sultan-ul-Abedin 8096 (KUH); Kashmir, Gilgit Dist. Nomal in Hunza valley, 5500 ft., 2. 8. 1892, J. F. Duthie 12319 (O, WU); Proper Chitral, House near Govt. Degree College, 5500 ft., Pinkish heads, spiny, 27.7.1989, Qutabud Din Marwat & Israr Ali 905 (RAW); A-7 c. 6 km from Chitral on way to Shoghor, herb, ± 40-50 cm tall, flowers purplish to blue, ± 1350 m, Tahir Ali, S. Z. Hussain & Gohar Khan 2194 (KUH); Gilgit, Jalal Abad, Burgote, alt. 1500 m, moist cultivated fields, Perennial herb, upto 2 m tall, spines present on whole plant, flowers pink, rare, July 2002, Sher Wali Khan & Shabbir Hussain 227 (KUH); B-6 Chitral Dist.: About 7 miles from Drosh on way to Loari Top, 1 m tall with purplish flowers, 24.7.76, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 6582 (KUH); C-6 Kurram, M.A.H.Afendi 599 (M).
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Erect, biennial, up to 1.5 (-1.8) m tall herb with long fleshy tap root. Stem spiny-winged (atleast younger shoots), thinly pilose with mixed arachnoid and multicellular hairs, furrowed internodes. Leaves dark green above, obovate-lanceolate, 5 – 30 cm long, up to 12 cm wide, lower and basal large, upper cauline leaves smaller, all basally bilobed, pinnatifid, lobes and lobules ending in strong spines, midrib veins and margins with spinules on upper side, sparsely to densely cobwebby-pubescent beneath. Capitula terminal, solitary or few in a corymb, 2 – 4 (-5) cm across, shortly pedunculate, usually without subtending leaves. Involucre globose, or obovoid, (2-) 3 – 4 (-5) cm long, 2 – 4 cm across. Phyllaries multiseriate, green, subulate-lanceolate, (5-) 10 – 30 (-40) mm long, sparsely to densely arachnoid hairy, margins entire, gradually tapering into pungent, 2 – 3.5 mm long, often recurved spines at apices. Corolla pinkish-purple to purple. 2.5 – 3.5 cm long, tube cylindrical, 2 – 2.5 cm long, limb shorter than the tube, with erect, 5 – 6 mm long lobes. Anthers white, filaments crisped pilose. Style 20 – 25 mm long. Cypselas obscurely 4-angled, pale-brown with black streaks, 3.5 – 4.5 (-5) mm long, 1.8 – 2 mm wide. Pappus bristles dirty white, 2 – 3 (-3.5) cm long, silky, plumose.
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