Published In:
Centuria II. Plantarum ... 29. 1756. ( Cent. Pl. II)   
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(Last Modified On 5/12/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 9/10/2020)
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Contributor Text:
Roohi Abid, M. Qaiser & Abdul Ghafoor
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – Pakistan
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Synonym Text:
Lactuca scariola L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 489. 1759 et Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (2): 1119. 1763; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 404. 1881; Burkill, Flow. Pl. Baloch. 43. 1909; Bamber, Pl. Punj. 377. 1916; Collett, Fl. Siml. 284. 1921; Blatter, Beaut. Fls. Kashm. 2: 4. Pl. 34. Fig. 5. 1928; Kitam., Fl. Afghan. 430. 1960; Kitam., Fl. W. Pak. & Afgh. 150. 1964; L. sylvestris Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 84. 1779; Lactuca bracteata Wall. Cat. 3243, 3244 nom.nud.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.:June-September (October). Vern.: Kahu, Khas (Punjabi); Prickly Lettuce (Engl.)
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Type:
Lectotype:“In Europe australis” Herb. Linn. No. 950.3 (LINN) Photo! (Selected by Prince & Carter (1977) fide Jarvis, Ord. Chaos. 610. 2007.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
Very common in shady moist areas, grassy slopes, edges of cultivated fields and irrigated lands at the elevation between 1000 and 3600 m.
Young leaves are an excellent vegetable, raw or cooked, but older foliage is coarse, very bitter and unpalatable. This is considered a garden weed in some countries.
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Map Location:
A-6 Chitral Distr.: Shishi, Chitral, florets pale yellow, 7500 m, 28.7.1958, S.A. Bowes Lyon 153 (BM); Trichkherchum high school, Molikhoo-Chitral, perennial herb, 5”-15” in height, florets light yellow, infrequent, on undulating slope, 2651 m, (36º 23’ 32.5”, 72º 13’ 03.6”), 7.8.2005, Haidar Ali 2479 (KUH); A-8 Gilgit Dist.: Naltar valley, 28.8.1986, A. Rashid 1065 (KUH); c.49 km from Gilgit on way to Aliabad, Chashma Hotel, erect, ± 10 cm tall, florets pale yellow, ± 1620 m, 3.10.1989, S.I. Ali, W. Sugong, T. Ali & G. Khan 3271 (KUH); B-7 Swat Dist.: Kalam, Utror, 22.8.1962, Nasir Siddiqui 995 (RAW); Muzzaffarabad Dist.: Leepa valley, erect herb, 1 m tall, florets yellow, 26.8.1972, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 5001 (KUH); B-8 Astor Dist.: Peer Route village above Gurikot (N.A.), on undulating slopes under tree shade, erect, perennial herb, 60 cm tall, florets yellow, 2600 m, 25.8.2008, Ali Noor 1683 (KUH); B-8/9 Kashmir, Aug 1880, A.P. Young 88/750 (BM); Kanpur to Baramula, Aug, 1880, A.P. Young 38/750 (BM); Dras, Kashmir, too much branched from base, August 1922, R. R. & I.D. Stewart s.n. (RAW); Shadipur, Jhelum valley, on edge of cultivated field, up to 6 ft tall, florets white or tinged pink, 1700 m, 17.7.1940, Ludlow & Sherriff 7809 (BM); Nara Nag Wangat Nullah, Kashmir, waste ground and edges of cultivation, 2380 m, 10.9.1956,O. Polunin 56/775 (BM); C-6 Parachinar, Agricultural farm, 28.8.1972, S. M. A. Kazmi 3727 (M); Wana Camp, South Waziristan, 1400 m, 17.7.1979, K. B. Marwat s.n.(RAW); C-7 Chakwal Dist.: Village Katas, between Kalar Kahar and Choa Saidan Shah, erect annual herb, c.1 m tall, florets light yellow, milky latex, common, 4.10.1988, A. Ghafoor & T. Ali 3888 (KUH); D-4 Quetta Dist.: Quetta, Oct, 1952, S. M. H. Jafri 471 (KUH); Sibi Dist.: Ziarat, Sep. 1937, V. K. Mall 16187 (RAW); Urak, ± ½ ft tall, florets yellow, 14.8.1959, S.I. Ali 1206 (KUH).
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Biennial or perennial herbs. Stem 40 – 80(-150) cm tall, erect, spinulose-setose at the base, glabrous above, branched in upper half, paniculately branched above. Radical leaves sessile, vertically arranged, usually pinnatifid- pinnatisect or distantly lobed, sinuate, denticulate, spinulous-toothed, lobes retrorse, acute, midrib pungent-spinulose beneath, sagittate at the base, semi-amplexicaul, 5 – 18 x 3 – 5 cm; cauline leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, undivided, hastate-sagittate, 5 – 9 x 0.5 – 1 cm. Synflorescence corymbosely-broad panicle. Capitula erect, cylindrical, 0.5 – 2 x 0.5 cm, florets 18-22 per capitulum; peduncle thin with green, cordate, c. 3 x c. 2 mm, appressed bracts. Involucre narrowly cylindric at anthesis, 8 – 10 mm long, becoming ovoid and basally wide in fruiting. Phyllaries 13-15, 4-seriate, acute-subobtuse, outer ones 2 – 3 x 1 – 1.5 mm, ovate-triangular; middle 4 (-6)-10 x 1 – 1.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate; innermost 12-14 x 1-1.2 mm, linear-oblong. Florets yellow. Cypselas 3.5 – 5 x 1.3 mm, brown-light brown, oblanceolate-obovate, 7-9 narrow ribs, finely pilose towards the apex; beak white, slender, 4 – 5 mm long, equalling or 1 ½ times longer than the body. Pappus 4-6 mm long, white.
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