Published In:
Geological Survey of California, Botany 1: 350. 1876. ( Bot. California)  
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(Last Modified On 5/8/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 3/1/2022)
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Contributor Text:
Anjum Perveen & M. Qaiser
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text:
Ximenesia encelioides Cav., Icon. 2: 60. Pl. 178. 1793; DC., Prodr. 5: 627. 1836 ; Verbesina australis Baker in Fl. Bras. (Martius) 6(3) : 215. 1884.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: Aug–Oct. Engl. Vern.: Golden crownbeard
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Type:
Type: Mexico: Cult. in Spain, without data (lectotype: Cavanilles, Icon 2: t. 178. 1794). (Lectotoypified by J. R. Coleman, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 76: 476. 1966).
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Distribution:
West Indies; South America; introduced in Asia, Pacific Islands, Australia. India and Pakistan (naturalized).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
A native of N. America, introduced in gardens of number of countries including Pakistan, India, Pacific Islands, naturalized in Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa and some parts of Balochistan) and elsewhere.
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Map Location:
B–7 Swat, Rahimabad, Mingora, 25.9.2018, Anjum Perveen 2349 (KUH); Malakand, along roadside, among rocks and stones, M. Qaiser s. n. (KUH); G–4 Karachi University Botanic Garden, 16.7.2019, Taba Rauf s. n. (KUH); Silver Jubilee Gate, Karachi University, 5.8.2019, Rabia Akhlaq s. n. (KUH); Karachi University Botanic Garden, Karachi University, 8. 8. 1919, Rabia Akhlaq s. n. (KUH); ibid, beside hill region, 16.9.2019, Rabia Akhlaq s. n. (KUH); University Clinic, heads yellow, 60 cm tall, 16. 8. 2008, Zamurrad & Sultanul Abedin 787, 788 (KUH); Gulshan–e–Iqbal, Block 13–D, Karachi, heads yellow 50 cm tall, 25. 8. 2008, Zamurrad & sultanul Abedin 794, 795 (KUH); near Nematology Dept., cultivated herb, 50 cm tall, heads yellow, 30.8.2008, Zamurrad & Sultanul Abedin 797 (KUH); Applied Chemistry Deptt., Karachi University, cultivated, 1 m tall, heads yellow, 21.10.2008, Zamurrad & Sultanul Abedin 799 A, B, C. (KUH). D–5 Zhob city, 27.10.2019, Nazar Khan Mandokhail 02 (KUH); ibid, 28.10.2019, Kamran Ishaq 01 (KUH).
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Annual, herbs, (15–) 40–100 (–120) cm tall. Leaves simple, opposite below, alternate above, on 0.6–1 cm long petioles, lamina ovate or lanceolate, 6–9 (–10) cm long, 0.8–2 cm wide, base cuneate, apex acute, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, sparsely to densely hairy on either side, more dense on abaxial surface. Capitula radiate, yellow, solitary, sometimes 2–3 in loose, cymbiform or corymbiform synflorescence. Involucre ± hemispheric to saucer–like, 10–20 mm in diameter. Receptacle almost flat,.paleae lanceolate, vertically folded, Phyllaries 12–18, biseriate, lance–linear to linear, ca 3 mm long, pilose. Ray florets ligulate, bright yellow, 10–15, ligules 8–10 (–15) mm long, 3–lobed. Disc florets yellow, tubular, tube hairy, ca 12 mm long, 5–lobed. Cypselas dark brown to blackish, narrowly obovate, hairy, winged, wings 3.5–5 (–6) mm broad. Pappus of 2 awns.
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