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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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Species
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Simsia panamensis H. Robinson & Brettell
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PlaceOfPublication
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Phytologia 24: 372. 1972.
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Note
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TYPE: Panama, Standley 25386 (US, not seen) .
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Description
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Erect, branched herb to 3 m tall; stems slender, drying striate, puberulent with 1 mm long, 5-6-celled, spreading, deciduous hairs and short, often glandular hairs. Leaves opposite except near the inflorescence, thin, softly tomentose or velutinous on each side with long simple hairs and stipitate glands, ovate or elliptical, sometimes sublobate, apically acute, basally obtuse to cordate, the margins serrate, drying dark gray-green, 3-nerved from the base or nearly so; petioles slender, to 3 cm long, the nodes with a manifest intrapetiolar ridge. Inflorescence an open panicle, the branching alternate, and the nodes subtended
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Habit
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herb
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Description
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by bracts which are smaller and narrower upwards. Heads radiate, subglobose, to 20 mm across, yellow; involucral bracts numerous in ca. 3 similar, imbricate series, lanceolate, 7-9 mm long, conspicuously 3-7-nerved, indurate but remaining at least partly dark green, dorsally pilose; receptacle convex; paleas scarious, acuminate, dorsally pubescent upwards, sometimes mucronate, conduplicate and covering more than half of the floret; ray florets in 1 series, ca. 15 mm long, the corollas yellow, early deciduous, ca. 6 mm long, the tube pubescent, ca. 2 mm long, the limb elliptical, pubescent on the veins, emarginate, ca. 7 mm long, the ovary sterile, slender, 3-angled, glabrate, 5 mm long, epappose; disc florets numerous, 11 mm long, the corolla 6 mm long, the tube densely pubescent, the throat cylindrical, basally ventricose, the 5 lobes dorsally publerulent, the anthers yellow, ca. 3 mm long, with a few stiff ascending hairs arising near the apex of the connective, the appendages small, yellow, the base obtuse or subauriculate, the style branches elongate, ascending-pilose, the style base expanded-elliptical, elevated, the ovary laterally flattened with an apical stipe. Achene black, flat, 4 mm long, elliptical, the margins ciliate, the sides with a few hairs; pappus of two basally flattened strigose, stiff, 5 mm long awns.
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Note
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This species may be recognized by its softly tomentose leaves, large size, globose yellow heads, and flat, black achenes. It is similar to Simsia dombeya DC. of Peru which differs in having achenes more than 6 mm long. Several species from neighboring areas, e.g., S. polycephala Benth. of Costa Rica may be con- specific, but no type material of these species has been seen. It differs from the similar S. pubescens Triana of South America in its narrower, pubescent involucral bracts. In Panama, most collections come from the Azuero Peninsula.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Ancon Hill, Greenman & Greenman 5109, 5119 (both MO). COCLE: Rio Hato airstrip, Burch et al. 1146 (CGH, MO). Entrance to Rio Hato air base, Blum & Tyson 1866 (MO). Rio Chico 4 mi W of Anton, Tyson & Blum 2595 (MO). Near Penonome, Williams 242 (NY). HERRERA: Road from La Avena to outskirts of Pese, Burch et al. 1312 (GH, MO). 4 mi S of Los Pozos, Tyson 2697 (MO). LOS SANTOS: 7 mi S of Chitre, Croat 9699, 9703 (both MO). Salinas de Chitre, D'Arcy & Croat 4165 (MO). Ca. 7 mi S of Chitre, D'Arcy & Croat 4171 (MO). Headwaters of Rio Pedregal, 25 mi SW of Tonosi, 2500-3000 ft, Lewis et al. 2982 (MO). 17.8 mi S of Macaracas, 1100 ft, Lewis et al. 1616 (MO, GH). Monagre Beach, 5 mi SE of Chitre, Tyson et al. 3024 (MO). 12 mi S of Macaracas, Tyson et al. 3069 (MO). PANAMA: Near San Carlos, Allen 1131 (MO). Punta Paitilla, Heriberto 222 (NY); Piper 5427 (NY). Road to Cerro Azul, 1600 ft, Tyson 6329 (MO).
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