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Published In: Beyträge und Entwürfe zur pragmatischen Geschicte der drey Natur-Reiche nach ihren Verwandtschaften Gewächreich 1: 30. 1801. (Beytr. Entw. Gewächsreich) Name publication detail
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 5/12/2022)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 5/22/2018)
Contributor Text: J. Osborne, R. Borosova & S. Landrein
Contributor Institution: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Synonym Text: Amygdalus communis L. Sp. pi. 1: 473. 1753; Amygdalus dulcis Mill, Gard. diet. ed. 8. 1768; A. communis var. dulcis (M\\\.) Borkh. Ex DC. Fl. Fran?. (Ed. 3) 4(2); 486. 1805; Amygdalus stocksiana Boiss., Diagn. PI. Orient, ser. 2, 3(2): 45. 1856; Amydalus communis L. var. stocksiana (Boiss.) Browicz, Fl. Iranica: 169. 1969; Prunus communis (L.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] ed.l: 209 [nom illeg.]. 1882; P. amygdalus var. dulcis (Mill.) Koehne, Deutsche Dendrol.: 315. 1893; P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, Feddes Repert. 74(1-2): 24. 1967.
Type: Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 1 86, Amygdalus 2 (BM!), designated by Jafri in Jafri & EI-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 31: 12. 1977.
Distribution: Distribution: Cultivated in temperate and subtropical areas worldwide for its edible seed (almond), also cultivated as an ornamental for its flowers. The almond is thought to have originated in SW Asia and has a long history of cultivation.
Comment/Acknowledgements: There has been some confusion over the name for the common almond within the genus Prunus and the name Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb is sometimes mistakenly used. Originally almonds were described in the genus Amygdalus and the common almond Amygdalus communis is a Linnaean name from 1753. Normally when transferring the name Amygdalus communis into the genus Prunus it would become Primus communis. However, this name was already taken as Hudson had published the name Prunus communis in 1778 for the plum. Webb noted the need for a new name for the almond and published the combination Prunus dulcis in 1967, based on Miller's name Amygdalus dulcis (1768). Webb wrote " It is however, a sad commentary on the rules of nomenclature that a plant as familiar and important as the almond should, 165 years after it was first referred to the genus Prunus, have to be given a new name." However, unbeknownst to Webb, the name Prunus dulcis had already been published by Rouchy in 1878 for a cherry (Compt. Rend. Assoc. Fran?. Avancem. Sci. 6: 592), making Webb's combination illegitimate as a later homonym. As far as we are aware, Batsch's name Prunus amygdalus, published as Die gemeine Mandel (the common almond) is the earliest published replacement name (1801).
Map Location: C-7 Azad Kashmir, Kotli, 3000 ft, 24.4.1954, Stewart. R.R. 27388 (RAW).

 

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Tree or shrub 2-8 m tall, deciduous, unarmed. Branches erect or spreading with many reduced branchlets. Perulate winter buds ovoid, scales glabrous with ciliate margins. Young branchlets glabrous, green or reddish-brown. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate To oblong, 2.5-9(-12) x 1-3 cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse, margin serrate with glandular teeth, glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes puberulous when young. Petiole 0.5-3 cm long with 2-4 glands at apex or at base of lamina, glabrous. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3-5 mm long, margin fimbriate sometimes with glandular teeth, caducous. Flowers solitary, often crowded along the branchlets, up to 4 cm in diameter, appearing beflore the leaves. Pedicels 3-5 mm long, elongating in fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, 4-7 mm long, glabrous, base partially concealed within the bud scales. Sepals 3.5-6 mm long, ovate to obovate, apex obtuse, outside pubescent towards the margin. Petals white or pink, obovate, 12-20 x 7-15 mm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded or emarginate. Stamens ca. 30, unequal in length, filaments to 10 mm long. Ovary densely tomentose; style ca. 12 mm long, pubescent at base. Fruit a nuculaniurn, green, 3-4.3 x 2-3 cm, sometimes larger in cultivation, ovoid-ellipsoid to obliquely ovoid, compressed, with a lateral furrow, velutinous; mesocarp dry, leathery, splitting at maturity; endocarp obliquely ovoid, compressed, 2.5-3(-4) x l-2.2(-2.6) cm, greyish-white to brown, hard to fragile, usually with a lateral keel, surface smooth and pitted sometimes furrowed. Seed ovoid, 1.5-2 x 1-1.5 cm, with brown testa, smooth or minutely pubescent, sweet or bitter.

 
 
 
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