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Notes:
This species is characterized by its medium-sized thin-textured leaves, stipules with short truncate sheaths and acute lobes, pedunculate broadly pyramidal inflorescences, well developed tubular corollas that are generally yellow with the lobes or apical portion pink to purple, and ovoid flattened fruits. The pedicels become a little thickened as the fruits mature. Palicourea marcgravii is similar to Palicourea longiflora, and these can be difficult to separate as herbarium specimens; among other distinctions, Palicourea longiflora is found in wetter habitats. Also similar are Palicourea aeneofusca and Palicourea vacillans, which have been included within the circumscription of Palicourea marcgravii at least effectively through herbarium identifications.
Palicourea marcgravii is well known in Brazil as a plant that is poisonous to livestock. This species contains monofluoroacetate, a poison that causes Sudden Death Syndrome when eaten by cattle (Cook et al., 2014). Plant involvedi n poisonings are frequently misidentified as Palicourea croceoides, which Cook et al. found does not produce monofluoroacetate.
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