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(Last Modified On 7/16/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/16/2013)
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Species
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Paullinia fuscescens H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 5: 93. 1821.
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Note
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TYPE: Brazil, Fl. Amazonas, Humboldt & Bonpland (P).
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Synonym
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Paullinia velutina DC., Prodr. 1: 605. 1824. TYPE: New Granada, Bertero (not seen). Serjania pubescens Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 92. 1853, non H.B.K., 1821. TYPE: Panama, Bay of Panama, Seemann 597 (BM, not seen).' Paullinia fusca Griseb., Bonplandia 6: 3. 1858. TYPE: Panama, Duchassaing (not seen). Urvillea sinaloensis H. S. Gentry, nom. ined.
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Description
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Tendrilled lianas; stems terete, pilose, usually not lenticellate, the younger stems and petioles densely rufous-pilose to -villous; wood simple; tendrils borne from leaf axils or peduncles, bifid. Leaves biternate, 5-13 cm long; petioles pu- bescent throughout, ribbed on the upper surface; rachis winged, sometimes widest in the upper half; leaflets ovate to elliptic or obovate, rounded to acuminate at the apex, the acumen usually rounded and minutely apiculate, attenuate at the base, sparsely and deeply crenate in the distal 1/2-2/3, densely pubescent on the mid- rib and major veins above, sparsely pubescent on the surface, conspicuously pu- bescent throughout on the lower surface especially on the veins and with greatest concentration in the vein axils, the terminal leaflets 2.5-8.5 cm long, 1.3-4 cm wide; stipules inconspicuous, minute. Inflorescences generally axillary, often borne on the same short branches as the tendrils, the thyrses borne in a compacted, slender, spikelike structure to ca. 6 cm long; pedicels short or obsolete, elongating somewhat in fruit. Flowers 3.5-4.5 mm long; sepals densely tomentose, boat shaped and rounded at the apex; petals white, spatulate, rounded at the apex, ca. 3.5 mm long, weakly glandular within, the scales of the anterior petals ca. 2.5 mm long, villous, the crest ca. 0.7 mm long, longer than broad, shorter than the nar- row, densely villous, deflexed appendage; staminate flowers with stamens to 2.8 mm long, the filaments densely villous; bisexual flowers not seen. Fruits suborbic- ular to broadly obovate, 13-20 mm long, rounded to emarginate at the apex, 3-locular, 3-winged, moderately to densely pilose, the medial crest sharply raised; seeds 1-3, globose, white-artillate at the base.
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Habit
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lianas
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Note
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Variety fuscescens has frequently been confused with Paullinia costaricensis Radlk., and the two taxa cannot easily be distinguished vegetatively. Paullinia costaricensis can, however, be easily distinguished by the wingless fruit. In Panama P. fuscescens flowers from December through March. Fruits ma- ture principally in April and May.
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Distribution
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Paullinia fuscescens var. fuscescens ranges from Mexico to Brazil and the West Indies. It generally occurs in dry areas. In Panama it occurs in tropical dry forest, premontane moist forest, and dryer parts of tropical moist forest.
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Note
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Standley (1928) reports that this plant has been used in Panama as a treat- ment for poisonous insect bites. Duke (1968) reports that the seeds can be used as a fish poison.
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Common
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hierba de alacran nistamal
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Common
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nistamalillo barbasco
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Common
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bejuco cuadrado cainpalaca
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Common
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bejuco costillon pico de guiloche
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Common
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panoguera
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Vic. Fort Sherman, Croat 14156A (MO). Chagres, Fendler 43 (BM). E of Fort Clayton, Harvey 5110 (F). Without exact locality, Hayes 123 (NY). W side of Thatcher Ferry Bridge, Lazor 2876 (SCZ). Amador Island, Tyson 5407 (DUKE, SCZ). COGLE: Bismark, Wall (5). DARIEN: Patifio, southern Darien, Pittier 5705 (US). HERRERA: 1 m E of Chitre, Croat 9696 (F, MO, PMA). LOS SANTOS: Beach at Monagre, Burch et al. 1211 (GH, MO, US). 3 mi S of Las Palmas, Croat 9724 (MO, NY, PMA, US, TEX). SE of Las Tablas, D'Arcy 4226 (MO). Rio Tonosli, vic. of Tonosli, Lewis et al. 1539 (MO). Vic. of Tonosli, Stern et al. 1868 (MICH, MO, US). 5 mi SE of Chitre, Tyson et al. 3014 (MO, SCZ). Road from Tonosli to Guanico, Tyson et al. 3120 (MO, SCZ). PANAMA: Along beach from Pan- ama' Vieja to Bella Vista, Allen 825 (F, MICH, MO, NY, P, U, US). 6 mi E of San Carlos, Croat 14262 (MO). Taboga Island, Hjerting & Rahn 608 (C, S). Vic. Panama City, Macbride 2624 (F, US). Vic. Bella- Vista, Piper 5390 (US). Punta Paitilla, Piper 5424 (F, US), 5433 (US). Taboga Island, Standley 27854 (US). VERAGUJAS: Trail between Cafiazas and foot of Cordil- lera Central, headwaters of Rio Cafiazas, 300-600 m, Allen 184 (MO). WITHOUT EXACT LO- CALITY: Seemann 597 (GH, NY). Duchassaing s.n. (P).
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