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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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Species
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Buchnera pusilla H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 340. 1818.
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Note
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TYPE: Colombia, Humboldt & Bonpland (B, not seen, destroyed fide Philcox 1965; photo MO).
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Synonym
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Buchnera tinctoria Bertol., Fl. Guatimal. 26. 1840. TYPE: Guatemala, Bertoloni (?BOLO, not seen). Buchnera major Polak., Linnaea 41: 588. 1877. TYPE: Costa Rica, Polakowsky 519, not seen. Buchnera mexicana Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 457. 1881. TYPE: Mexico, Seemann 2095 (K). Buchnera mexicana var. minor Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer., Bot. 2: 457. 1881. TYPE: Mexico, Seemann 1506 (K). Buchnera minor (Hemsl.) Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 117. 1923. Buchnera elongata sensu auct., non Sw. Buchnera elongata pilosa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 144. 1845. nomen nudum. TYPE: Mexico, Schlechtendal 113, not seen. Buchnera lithospermifolia sensu auct., non H.B.K. Buchnera pilosa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 144. 1845. nomen nudum.
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Description
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Slender annual herbs, sparingly branched, to 30 cm tall, the stems wiry, scabrid with white, stout based mostly ascending short hairs and also with finer hairs, mostly somewhat compressed, inconspicuously ridged. Basal leaves obovate, to 10 mm long, glabrate but ciliate on the margin and the costa, the cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate or linear, to 3 mm wide and 40 mm long, entire or with a few ill-spaced salient teeth, scabrid with stout based short acicular whitish or dirty colored hairs, in age the stout bases remaining as callose punctations, 3-nerved but usually appearing 1-nerved, the petiole not differentiated. Inflores- cence mostly open, a terminal spike to 15 cm long, the outermost bracts ovate, shorter than the calyx except those towards the base of the inflorescence, the inner bract narrower, shorter, both bracts ciliate and scabrid with short, firm, acicular hairs, these often stout based. Flowers mostly white, sometimes blue, pink or purple, the calyx 5-7 mm long, tubular, 10-ribbed, the ribs prominent and conspicuously scabrid, the intermediate areas with obscure venation, mostly glabrous, the 5 teeth often quite unequal, narrowly acuminate, mostly 1-2 mm long, somewhat outcurving; corolla salverform, to 8 mm long, the tube exserted, mostly glabrous outside, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes 2-5 mm long, entire, glabrous, but sometimes minutely papillose ventrally, the throat slightly elevated above the patent lobes, tufted with sturdy hairs, sparingly pilose within with long weak hairs; stamens 4, the filaments inserted about 1/2 way up the tube, sub- equal, the anthers narrowly ovoid or oblong, pointed apically, 2-locular, situated in the top 1/2 of the corolla tube; ovary glabrous, 2-locular, narrowly conical, the style straight, glabrous, the stigma elongate, slightly expanded, sometimes com- pressed. Capsule included in the indurated, slightly accrescent calyx, mostly exceeding the calyx tube but not the lobes, the valves elliptical; seeds ca. 1 mm long, yellowish, oblong, longitudinally ridged.
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Habit
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herbs
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Note
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This species is distinguished from other Panamanian species of Buchnera by its roughly scabrid flowering calyces which lack venation between the 10 ribs. In fruit, this species may develop nerves between the calyx ribs. The usually glabrous corolla and entire, eciliate corolla lobes are also distinctive. One collection, Ebinger 1077, from the Azuero Peninsula, has corolla tubes with a few hairs at the apex, a condition quite unusual in the species. This collection seems in no other way different from other collections from throughout the range. Buchnera pusilla is sometimes difficult to separate from B. longifolia H.B.K. (B. elongata Sw.) from the Antilles. Philcox (1965) noted that Antillean col- lections tend to have less sturdy hairs on the calyces and these hairs usually lack expanded bases. Material examined in this study did not evoke confidence in the separation. Both B. pusilla and B. longifolia were published at the same time, so that if the two names do apply to the same species, B. longifolia becomes a synonym of B. pusilla.
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico to Ecuador and Brasil, and if the synonymy of B. longifolia is accepted, in the Antilles and south to Argentina.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Chiva-Chiva, Killip 3133 (PH, US). Alhajuela, Chagres River, Killip 3217 (US). Chiva-Chiva Trail, Red Tank to Pueblo Nuevo, Piper 5745 (PH, US). Sosa Hill, Balboa, Standley 25296 (PH, US). Old Las Cruces Trail between Fort Clayton and Corozal, Standley 29035 (US). Cocoli Island, Miraflores Lake, White 289 (MO). CHIRIQUII: Lava flow between El Hato and Bambito, D'Arcy 1011 (MO). Ca. 3 km NE of El Hato del Volcan at base of Volcan de Chiriqui, 1-3 km E of highway, 1500-1800 m, Davidse & D'Arcy 10381 (MO). Cerro Vaca, 900-1136 m, Pittier (US). COCLE: E of Rio Teta and Inter- american Highway, Blum 1878 (MO). Near Santa Clara Beach, Croat 9605 (MO). Picacho de Ola, Pittier 5069 (US-right hand plants only). Penonome, 50-1000 ft, Williams 184 (NY). COLON: Savannas along drowned Rio Azote Caballo, 66-70 m, Dodge et al. 16838 (MO). HERRERA: OcUi, Ebinger 1077 (MO, US). PANAMA: Pacora, 35 m, Allen 1001 (MO). Between Panama and Chepo, Dodge et al. 16659 (MO). Near beach at Nueva Gorgona, Duke 4542a (MO). Toward top of Cerro Campana, Duke 6010 (DS, MO). Savannas near Chepo, Duke 6055 (MO). Between Rio Pacora and Chepo, Dwyer et al. 5104 (MO). South Beach, San Jose Island, Erlanson 529 (US), 569 (NY, US). Air strip and East Harbor, San Jose Island, Harlow 77 (US). Llanos de Panamat Vieja, Heriberto 289 (US). Savannas near Chepo, Hunter & Allen 33 (MO). East Bay, San Jose Island, Johnston 180 (MO, US). Savannas, McBride 2659 (US). 7 mi S of Campana, McDaniel 8316 (DUKE, MO). Savannas N of Panama City, Paul 391 (US). Laguna de Portala near Chepo, Pittier 4597 (US). Chepo, 60 m, Pittier (US). Sosa Hill, Standley 26409 (US). Big swamp E of Rio Tocumen, Standley 26616 (US). Toboga Island, Standley 28024 (US). Rio Tapia, Standley 28189 (US). Between Las Sabanas and Matias Hernandez, Standley 31852 (PH, US). VERAGUAS: Near La Mesa, Tyson 6056 (MO).
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