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(Last Modified On 8/16/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/16/2013)
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Species
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Stemodia jorullensis H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 2: 358. 1817.
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Note
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TYPE: Mexico, ?Humboldt (?P, not seen).
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Synonym
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Stemodia xorullensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 466. 1825. (1824) S. jorullensis, orth. mut. Stemodia angulata Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kj0benhavn 1853: 22. 1854. TYPE: Costa Rica, Oersted (?C, not seen). Stemodia ageratifolia Wright in Sauv., Fl. Cubana 99. 1873. TYPE: Cuba, Wright 2993, not seen. Stemodiacra jorullensis (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 2: 466. 1891. Stemodiacra angulata (Oerst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 2: 466. 1891.
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Description
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Small annual herbs, erect, prostrate or ascending, to 30 cm tall, the stems slender, drying angled, sparingly pilose with weak, whitish hairs; roots short. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, mostly 8-12 mm long, apically obtuse or rounded, basally truncate or cuneate, the margins serrate with ca. 8 blunt teeth on each side, some of the teeth double, venation pinnate with 4-5 veins on each side, above sparingly pilose with weak white hairs, beneath with a few similar hairs and punctate with sessile or plane glands; petiole narrow, broadening upwards, about '/2 as long as the blade. Inflorescences 1-3 flowers in the leaf axils, the pedicels slender, pilose, much exceeding the leaves, ebracteate. Flowers with the calyx pilose, 5-lobed to near the base, 4 lobes alike and equal, narrowly acute, the fifth slightly longer, broader, apically differentiated; corolla white, perhaps with some pink, drying dull yellow or orange, 6-9 mm long, tubular, 2-lipped, glabrate outside, sometimes ciliate on the angles, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes broadly rotund, ca. 1.7 mm long, apically sinuate, bearded at the throat with stout, clavate hairs, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe obtuse, ultimately acute, the 2 lateral lobes rotund, the tube generally pilose within, sometimes with a few scattered sessile glands; stamens 4, the anterior filaments basally geniculate, glabrous, inserted near the base of the tube, 5-6 mm free, the anthers alike or dissimilar, the thecae ca. 0.7 mm long, oblong, parallel, separated by the globose connective, the posterior filaments glabrous, ca. 1 mm free, inserted in the upper half of the corolla tube, the anthers similar to the anterior pair but slightly larger, a minute staminode inserted between the posterior filaments at the same level; ovary glabrous, smooth, eglandular, compressed, septally sulcate, the style straight, the stigma situated at the level of the lower (posterior) anthers, bent at an obtuse angle to the style, minutely appendaged on the sides. Capsule ovoid or ellipsoidal, about as long as the calyx, apically acute or obtuse, dehiscing septicidally and loculicidally from the apex, the valves apically recurving; placenta narrowly conical, dark, winged only at the base; seeds numerous, reddish brown, oblong, longitudinally ca. 6-sulcate, ca. 0.5 mm long.
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Habit
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herbs
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Note
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This species grows in wet roadsides and marshes.
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico to northern South America, and it also occurs in the Greater Antilles.
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Note
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In most features it is similar to S. peduncularis but its stature, leaves, flowers and fruits are smaller. The glands on the leaf undersides are nearly plane whereas those of S. peduncularis are usually globular and distinctly raised from the leaf surface. The level of insertion of the stamens also differs markedly. One collection examined, Tyson & Smith 4145, differs from the others in having narrowly elliptical leaves reaching ca. 1.2 cm in length. Details of the corolla and androecium do not differ from the other collections.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Chiriqui Lagoon, Wedel 2576 (MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Fendler 215 (MO). Balboa, Standley 29275 (US). cnmIQuIf: David, Roy 2 (US). COCLE: Boca del Toabre at confluence with Rio Cocle del Norte, Lewis et al. 5554 (DS, MO). COLON: Portobelo, La Cruzio Trail, Ebinger 102 (MO). Meadows around Portobelo, Pittier 2442A (US). DARIEN: Boca de Cupe, 40 m, Allen 899 (MO). Rio Morti ca. 6 mi upstream from Morti Abajo, 100 m, Duke 10160 (DUKE, MO, OS ). Manene, Kirkbride & Bristan 1569 (MO). Rio Tuquesa at mining camp Charco Chiva, Mori 6953 (MO). PANAMA: Cafnita, Tyson & Smith 4145 (MO).
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