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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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Species
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Mecardonia procumbens (Miller) Small
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PlaceOfPublication
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Fl. S.E. U.S. 1065, 1338. 1903.
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Synonym
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Erinus procumbens Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. TYPE: ?Mexico, Houston (?BM, not seen). Lindernia dianthera Swartz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 92. 1788. TYPE: Hispaniola, Swartz (not seen). Herpestis caprarioides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 368. 1818. TYPE: Colombia, Humboldt (B. Willd. 11541, not seen, microfiche MO). Herpestis chamaedryoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 369. 1818. nomen illegit. cites Lindernia dianthera Sw. TYPE: Ecuador (B. Willd. 11540, not seen, microfiche MO). Herpestis colubrina H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 368. 1818. TYPE: Peru, Humboldt (B. Willd. 11545, not seen, microfiche MO). Herpestis montevidensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 802. 1818. TYPE: Uruguay, Sello (not seen). ?Herpestis vandellioides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 2: 367. 1818. TYPE: Mexico (B. Willd. 11534, not seen, microfiche, obscure, MO). ?Herpestis flagellaris Cham. & Schlecht., Linnaea 2: 575. 1827. TYPE: Brasil (not seen). Herpestis peduncularis Benth., Bot. Mag. 2: 56. 1836. LECTOTYPE: Texas, Drummond 75 (K, not seen). Herpestis chamaedryoides var. peduncularis (Benth.) A. Gray, Synop. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 280. 1878. Monniera procumbens (Miller) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 463. 1891. Monniera montevidensis (Spreng.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3(2): 236. 1898. Monniera procumbens a flagellaris (Cham. & Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3(2): 236. 1898. Monniera procumbens y montevidensis (Spreng.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3(2): 236. 1898. Monniera chamaedryoides var. peduncularis (Benth.) Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 721. 1900. Monniera dianthera (Sw.) Millsp., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 98. 1900. Mecardonia peduncularis (Benth.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1065, 1338. 1903. Mecardonia tenuis Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1065, 1338. 1903. TYPE: Florida, Blodgett (NY, not seen). Mecardonia viridis Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1065, 1338. 1903. TYPE: Texas, Heller 1460 (NY, not seen). Bacopa procumbens (Miller) Greenm., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 261. 1907. Herpestis procumbens Urb., Symb. Antil. 4: 558. 1911. Bacopa chamaedryoides peduncularis (Benth.) M. C. Metz, Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 16: 173. 1934. Pagesia dianthera (Sw.) Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 69. 1935. Pagesia peduncularis (Benth.) Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 65. 1935. Pagesia procumbens (Miller) Pennell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 68. 1935. Bacopa procumbens var. peduncularis (Benth.) Fern., Rhodora 37: 442. 1935. Bacopa peduncularis (Benth.) Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 174. 1936. Bacopa montevidensis (Spreng.) Hert. & Melch., Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 191. 1937. ?Pagesia vandellioides (H.B.K.) Penn., Notul. Nat. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 2. 1940. Mecardonia montevidensis (Spreng.) Penn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 98: 87. 1946. Mecardonia vandellioides (H.B.K.) Penn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 98: 87. 1946.
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Description
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Creeping or ascending glabrous ephemeral herbs, mostly branching at the base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, the branches to 15 cm long, slender, flexuous; roots mostly short and fibrous, the stems sometimes strongly angled, sometimes with dark brown, multicellular, peltate glands. Leaves opposite, ovate, mostly 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, with about 7 even, ascending teeth on the upper 2/3 of the margin, apically obtuse, basally cuneate, mostly conspicuously (under a lens) glandular punctate with multicellular, sessile glands; petiole very short or indistinct. Inflorescence at first terminal, soon axillary, a solitary flower
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Habit
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herbs
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Description
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in a leaf axil, seldom geminate; pedicels slender, ca. 3 mm long, longer in fruit, bracts 2-4 mm long, linear, mostly entire, located at the base of the pedicel. Flowers ca. 8 mm long, the sepals free, the outer 3 sepals ovate, 7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, larger in fruit, apically acute, basally obtuse or rounded, mostly lacking glands, inner 2 sepals linear, slightly shorter than the outer sepals; corolla tubular, exserted, yellow with purple lines, ca. 8 mm long, 5-lobed, the lobes recurved, rounded, sometimes irregularly crenulate, or emarginate, alike but the posterior pair with a short sinus, bearded in the throat; stamens 4, a rudimentary staminode sometimes present, the filaments glabrous, inserted at unequal heights in the lower 1/2 of the tube, free ca. 2 mm, the anther 2-thecate, the thecae oblong, held apart on expanded connectives, the connectives consisting of a discoid or ellip- soidal expansion at the filament apex and one slender arm to each theca; ovary narrowly ovoid, longitudinally sulcate, the styles 1.5 mm long, connate, apically flattened, the stigma a linear crest on the slightly curved, flattened styles. Capsule narrowly ovoid, ca. 4 mm long, the walls stramineous, dehiscent loculicidally and septicidally from the apex; calyx accrescent, the outer sepals becoming 9 mm long and 5 mm wide; enlarged, linear placenta persistent on the withered capsule; seeds numerous, ovoid, 0.3 mm long, longitudinally ridged with a reddish brown reticulum.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Changuinola, 0-100 m, D'Arcy 11153, 11179 (both MO-). Runway at Almirante, Lazor et al. 2319 (MO). Changuinola to 5 mi S at junction Rio Terebe, Lewis et al. 805A (MO), 817, 1962 (both MO, US). Nievecita, 0-50 m, Woodson et al. 1863 (MO, NY). CANAL ZONE: Chagres River near Juan Mina, Bartlett & Lasser 16361 (MO). Colon to Empire, Crawford 412, 583 (both PH). Pipeline Road 21/2-5 mi from Gamboa gate, Croat 9373, 33678 (both MO). Railroad track in front of Summit Garden, D'Arcy 9303 (MO). Pipeline road to 18 km N of Gamboa, D'Arcy 10636 (MO). Ft. Kobbe, Duke 3954 (MO). Toro Point, Ft. Sherman, Duke 4341 (MO). Madden Dam, Ebinger 866 (MO, US). Chagres, Fendler 213 (US). Road K-10 2 mi on Panamerican Highway toward Nuevo Emperador, Lewis et al. 5218 (MO). Madden Forest, Lewis et al. 5330 (DS, MO). Summit Gardens, Mori & Kallunki 1891 (MO). SE side of Madden Lake near the Puente Natural, 90 m, Nee & Hansen 14075 (MO). Railroad 3 mi W of Gamboa, Nee & Mori 3609 (MO, PMA). Chiva-Chiva Trail, Red Tank to Pueblo Nuevo, Piper 5736 (US). Sosa Hill, Standley 26491 (PH, US). Near Fort Randolph, Standley 28760 (US). Fort Sherman, Standley 30986 (US). Chiva-Chiva Trail near Miraflores Lake, Tyson 1382, 1387 (both MO). Gatiin railroad station, Tyson 3506 (MO). 5 mi N of Cocoli, Tyson 3871 (MO). George Green Forest Preserve behind Cerro Tigre, Tyson et al. 2508 (MO, PMA). Barro Colorado Island, White 149 (MO). Miraflores Lake, White 169 (MO), 266 (MO, PH). Pipeline Road N of Gamboa, Wilbur & Weaver 11225 (DUKE). CHIRIQUIf: Quebrada Tuco 9 mi S of Puerto Armuelles, Croat 22093 (MO). Boquete, 3800 ft, Davidson 575 (MO, US). Quebrada Melliza 6 mi S of Puerto Armuelles, Liesner 486 (MO). Boquete, Maxon 4965 (NY, US). COCLE: El Valle de Anton, 1000-2000 ft. Lewis et al. 2604 (DS, MO). Above Penonome, Williams 528 (NY). COLON: Portobelo, Wilbur & Luteyn 11651 (DUKE). DARIEN: Boca de Cupe, ca. 40 m, Allen 900 (MO). Airstrip at Canai gold mine, 480 m, Croat 38011 (MO). Rio Sambui upstream from Puerto Indio, Dressler (MO). Rio Tuquesa at lower mining camp Charco Chiva, Mori 6954 (MO). Canat, Williams 734 (NY, US). HERRERA: 12.5 mi S of Ocui, 1200 ft, Lewis et al. 1658 (MO, US). LOS SANTOS: 3 mi S of Carrete, ca. 5 mi S of Las Tablas, Burch et al. 1245 (MO, US). Rio Tonosi near Tonosi, Lewis et al. 1574 (MO, US). Punta Mala, Tyson 2706 (MO). PANAMA&: Bayano Dam, D'Arcy 9416 (MO). Without other locality, Hayes 709, 823 (both NY). Punta Paitilla, Heriberto 12b (PH, US), 12 (US). Savanas N of Panama City, Paul 621 (US). Near Matias Hernandez, Standley 28933 (US). Nuievo San Francisco, Standley 30723 (US). Chepo, Wilbur & Luteyn 11819 (DUKE). SAN BLAS: Puerto Obaldia, Croat 17000 (MO). Soskatupu, Duke 10187 (MO); Elias 1667 (MO). Puerto Obaldia, Gentry 1578 (MO).
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