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(Last Modified On 8/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/14/2013)
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Species
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Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell
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PlaceOfPublication
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 98: 98. 1946.
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Note
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Based on Lysimachia monnieri L.
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Synonym
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Lysimachia monnieri L., Cent. 2. P1. 9. 1756. TYPE: South America, Hallman (not seen). Gratiola monnieria L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 306. 1759. TYPE: Jamaica, P. Browne (not seen). Bacopa monnieria (L.) Edwall, Bol. Commiss. Geogr. Estad. Sdo Paulo 13: 180. 1897. Based on Gratiola monnieria L.
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Description
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Glabrous paludal herbs, the stems procumbent, mostly eglandular. Leaves opposite, somewhat succulent, narrowly obovate to spathulate, entire, apically rounded, basally cuneate, glandular punctate, the midvein apparent, palmately 3-nerved, the midvein evident but the 2-4 lateral veins obscure; petioles undif- ferentiated, the cuneate blades appearing slightly clasping perfoliate. Inflores- cence a solitary flower in a leaf axil, the pedicels slender but broadening upwards, becoming 1-2 cm long in fruit, with 2 sepal-like, narrow, opposite apical bracts subtending the flower. Flower 7-9 mm long, the calyx imbricate, the 2 outer bracts equal, broadly ovate deltoid, 5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, conspicuously 1-nerved, keeled, the 3 unequal inner sepals narrow, ranging from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the outer bracts; corolla tubular, ca. 8 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed %A-1/3 way down, the lobes subequal, white, pale purple or blue; stamens 4, the filaments glabrous, inserted unequally near the top of the tube, compressed, the anthers black, linear or curved, the thecae versatile, affixed near the middle, elongate, ca. 1.5 mm long and proximally connate for most of their length, little exserted; ovary narrowly oblong, ca. 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, the style discrete, ca. 4 mm long, terete, apically curved downwards, the stigma flat, slightly 2-lobed. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal to the base, the valves separating at the base, ca. 2 mm long, the placenta narrow, peglike, foveate, the septum translucent, hyaline, extending ca. 0.75 mm beyond the placenta on each side; seeds numer- ous, ca. 0.5 mm long, longitudinally reticulate, the reticulum reddish brown.
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Habit
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herbs
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Note
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This is one of the most widespread species of Bacopa, and unlike some of the other species of Bacopa in Panama, it is usually found creeping in mud at the edges of standing water. It can tolerate somewhat brackish water and is often found near the sea. The narrowly oblong or oblanceolate leaves and downward curving fruiting pedicels help to identify it.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Around air strip, D'Arcy 11233 (MO). SW of Bocas at Maccaw Hills, Isla Colon, Wedel 532 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Fendler 217 (MO). CHIRIQUI: El Pedregal de David, Pittier 3377 (NY, US). COLON: Manzanillo Island, Hayes 694 (NY). PANAMA: Panamat la Vieja, Maurice 809 (US). SAN BLAS: Through cultivation on mainland in front of Ustupo, D'Arcy 9514 (MO). Mulatuppa, Duke 8504 (MO). Mainland near Isla Mosquito, Duke 8880 (MO, OS). Mainland opposite Ailigandi, Lewis et al. 214 (MO). Island village of Mamitupo, Warner 212 (MO).
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