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(Last Modified On 5/9/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/9/2013)
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Species
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Picramnia latifolia Tul.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Se'r. 3. 7: 258. 1847.
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Synonym
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Picramnia umbrosa Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 97. 1854.
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Description
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Slender shrubs or small trees, 3.5-7 m high; branchlets appressed-puberulent, becoming glabrate. Leaves alternate, pinnate, 21-32 cm long; petiole and the rachis sparingly appressed-puberulent, becoming glabrate; leaflets (3-)6-8(-9), mainly an odd number, alternate, ovate to elliptic or oblong, obtuse or acute and abruptly acuminate apically, rarely retuse, acute and slightly inequilateral basally, the margins entire, revolute, chartaceous, the blade sparingly appressed-puberu- lent, especially basally, becoming glabrate, 4-17 cm long and 2-8.5 cm wide, the petiolules sparingly pubescent to glabrate, 3-4 mm long. Staminate racemes axillary, aggregated, simple or rarely branched basally, densely-flowered, minutely yellowish appressed-puberulent, 10-21 cm long. Staminate flowers 5-merous, numerous, 1-3 together in clusters, white or green, the pedicels minutely yellowish appressed-puberulent, to ca. 1 mm long; calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, minutely yellowish appressed-puberulent, ca. 1 mm high, the lobes ovate-triangular; petals 5, elliptic, acuminate, glabrous, longer than the calyx-lobes, 1 mm long; stamens 5, exserted, the filaments filiform, glabrous, inserted at the bases of the petals be- tween the ovary-lobes, more than twice as long as the calyx, ca. 2-3 mm long; ovary conical, 5-lobed, tomentose apically, ca. 1 mm high, the style and stigma absent. Carpellate racemes aggregated, appressed yellowish-puberulent, to 23 cm long in flower, to 65 cm long in fruit. Carpellate flowers 5-merous, whitish, the pedicels appressed yellowish-puberulent, ca. 1 mm long; sepals 5, triangular, appressed yellowish-puberulent, persistent and spreading in fruit, ca. 1.5 mm long; petals 5, ovate, shorter than the sepals, ca. 1 mm long; stamens absent; disc annular; ovary ovoid, densely appressed-puberulent, 1-2 mm high, the style bilobed, the lobes recurved and persisting in fruit. Berries pink to bright red, yellow, or orange, ellipsoidal to globose, minutely appressed-puberulent, 2-3- loculed, to 1 cm long; seeds 1(-2-3).
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Habit
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shrubs or small trees
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Distribution
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Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.
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Note
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In Panama known to flower from December through March, and to fruit in February, March, May, and June.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Almirante region, Cooper & Slater 64 (US). Changuinola Valley, Dun- lap 450 (F, GH, US), 548 (F, US); Farm Six, Dunlap 492 (F, US). Vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 1226, in part (MO). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, cove of dock, Croat 13819 (MO), forest N of clearing, Croat 14575 (MO); SE of Armour 7, Foster 909 (DUKE, F); N of Armour 10, Foster 871 (DUKE); Central Cove, end of Pefia Blanca Penin- sula, Croat 5447 (MO, NY, SCZ); along trail to Fuertes House, Croat 5263 (MO, SCZ); head of Lutz stream between Barbour Trail 200-422, Croat 5676 (MO); shore of Pefia Blanca, Woodworth & Vestal 676 (A, MO); Pefia Blanca Point, Croat 5553 (MO); in front of Red- wood House, end of Armour Trail, Wetmore & Abbe 193 (A, GH, MO); Wheeler Trail, Robyns 65-13 (MO). Canal Zone Experiment Gardens, Lindsay 324 (US). On the Chagres, forests between Juan Mina and El Vigia, Panama, 20-80 mn, Pittier 2399 (GH, NY, US). Gatu'n, Hayes 623 (NY, US). Madden Dam, Dwyer 8385 (MO). Pipeline Road, 2.5 mi. from gate, Croat 9353 (F, MO, SCZ). Moist woods, Rio Paraliso, above East Paraliso, Standley 29921 (MO, US). CHIRIQuI: Vicinity of San Felix, 0-120 m, Pittier 5186 (F, NY, US). DARIEN: Cerro Pirre, Bristan 564 (MO). Cerro Yaviza River, near Yaviza, Duke & Bristan 423 (MO). In forests, around Garachine, near sea level, Pittier 5514 (F, US). Trail between Pinogana and Yaviza, ca. 15 m, Allen 250 (A, F, MO). Seasonal deciduous forest, between Rio Perecenico and Rancho Frio, 500-2500 ft, Duke & Elias 13881 (GH, MO). Rio Pirre, 2-5 mi. above El Real, Duke 4903 (MO). LOS SANTOS: E of Cambutal, near coast, Holdridge 6221 (MO). Forest of This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Thu, 9 May 2013 15:25:18 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions38 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. 60 espave, caoba, and cedro espino, Guanico, vicinity of Tonosli, 117 ft, Stern et al. 1844 (MO, US). PANAMA: Moist forest, Rio Tapia, Standley 28043 (US). SAN BLAS: High hills back of Puerto Obaldia, 50-200 m, Pittier 4291 (F, GH, NY). VERAGUAS: Tonosi, Mell, 1922 (NY).
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Note
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Picramnia latifolia is widespread throughout lowland Panama, occurring in monsoon forests and deciduous seasonal forests. Known as "bichichi" (fide Duke & Bristan 423) and "canjura" (fide Holdridge 6221). The berries are edible (fide Duke 4903 and Duke & Bristan 423), although Croat 5263 reports them to be "infested with large ants."
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Common
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bichichi canjura
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