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(Last Modified On 1/30/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/30/2013)
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Species
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APEIBA MEMBRANACEA Spruce ex Benth.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5 (Suppl. 2): 61. 1861.-Fig. 6.
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Synonym
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Apeiba aspera Aubl., Hist. PI. Gui. Fr. 545, t.216. 1775; Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 27:47. 1928
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Description
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Tree 20-30 m. tall, the trunk attaining 75 cm. in diam., the branchlets shortly stellate-puberulous. Leaves with a petiole slightly enlarged at the apex, 1-3.3 cm. long, shortly stellate-puberulous on the lower part to shortly stellate- tomentellous on the upper part, the stipules rapidly deciduous; blade oblong- elliptic to oblong-obovate, rounded to subcordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 7-26 cm. long and 3-9.5 cm. wide, rigid-chartaceous, the margins entire to slightly subserrulate, scatteringly and very shortly stellate-puberulous to glabrate above, densely and very shortly fimbrillate-lepidote and generally with tufts of brownish hairs in the axIs of the secondary nerves beneath, 3-palminerved, the nervation prominent especially beneath. Inflorescences oppositifolious, the panicles loose and few-flowered, the axes shortly stellate-tomentellous, the bracts missing at anthesis. Flowers with a pedicel 1-1.2 cm. long, the sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, very slightly connate at the base, cucullate and acute at the apex, 1.8-2.6 cm. long and 0.3-0.5 cm. wide, fleshy, shortly stellate-tomentellous to stel- late-puberulous outside, sometimes mixed with scattered, long hairs, glabrous with- in; petals 5, spatulate to obovate-spatulate, rounded and more or less deeply emarginate, 1.35-2 cm. long and 0.65-1.3 cm. widc, yellow, glabrous; stamens connate into a very short tube ca. 1.5-2 mm. long, the filaments ca. 1.5 mm. long, long-pilose, the anthers ca. 2 mm. long, sparsely pilose especially at the base and along the margins, the appendage retuse and ca. 4-4.5 mm. long; ovary transversely elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, densely scabrous- hispidulous, many-celled; style ca. 1.2 cm. long, sparsely hispidulous at the base; stigma shortly denticulate. Capsule transversely narrow-elliptic, sometimes apicu- late, ca. 1.5 cm. long and 5.5-6.5 cm. broad, densely covered with short to rather long, stout, conic-based spines, these shortly puberulous to glabrate; seeds ca. 3.5-4 mm. long and 2.5-3 mm. broad.
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Habit
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Tree
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Distribution
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Costa Rica and Panama, western South America from Colombia to northern Bolivia; forested hills.
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Note
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In the past, all the collections of Panama were referred to A. aspera Aubl., a name considered by Uittien (Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 22: 360. 1925) as nomen con- fusum, Aublet (Hist. P1. Gui. Fr. 545, t. 216. 1775) confusing here two species, A. echinata Gaertn. and A. glabra Aubl. The taxonomy of some species of this group is still unsatisfactory in spite of the revision made by Uittien (loc. cit. 32: 244-251, fig. 4. 1935). In distinguishing species in his revision, he uses as essential basis the shape of the capsule and the nature of the pubescence of the leaves, the latter character well known to be extremely variable in the Malvales. In the absence of an exhaustive study of all available herbarium material, I am obliged to use the conclusions of Uittien, suggesting nevertheless that A. membranacea and the very closely related species, A. echinata Gaertn. emend. Uitt. (Guianas, north-easthern Brazil), are doubtfully specifically distinct and form perhaps only the extreme variation within a single taxon.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Water Valley, von Wedel 810. CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 1157, Standley 31367, Wetmore & Abbe 115; drowned forest of upper Rio Pequeni between Salamanca Hydrographic Station and Rio Boqueron, 70 m., Allen 17286. COCLf: region north of El Valle de Ant6n, alt. 1,000 m., Allen 3746. COL6n: between France Field, Canal Zone and Catival, Standley 30303; Zona de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), alt. 10-104 m., Pittier 4087; Guarunta, Wispernini Camp, 50-75 ft., C. & W. von Hagen 1395. DARIEN: Rio Chico, vicinity Yaviza, 100 ft., Allen 4578; on trail between Paya and Pucra, Rio Paya, Stern, Chambers, Dwyer, Ebinger 215; CanA and vicinity, R. S. Wil- liams 947. PANAMA: vicinity of Arenoso, lower Rio Trinidad, 26-50 m., Seibert 627. PROVINCE UNKNOWN: Hayes s.n.
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