Published In:
Agricoltura Coloniale 5: Suppl. 23. 1912. ( Agric. Colon.) 
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: February-August.
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Type:
Type: Described from Egypt, Forskal 388 (C).
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Distribution:
Distribution: Tropical and North Africa to Iran, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
Common in arid and semi-arid plains and hills throughout Pakistan. A highly variable species, especially in size, shape and hairiness of leaves and petiole in addition to size of floral parts. S. A. Farooqi & Khush Bakhat [Univ. Stud. 4(3): 135-139. 1967] have studied the dynamics of leaf variation in this species and concluded that it includes 2 taxa which can be separated from each other by sharp discontinuity of petiole length. However, I have observed discontinuity of the petiole size even on one and the same plant hence it is not possible to recognize the two taxa even on the basis of this character. The plant is commonly grazed by camels, goats and sheep.
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Photo:
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Map Location:
C-6 Kohat Dist.: 40 miles from Bannu towards Kohat on Bannu-Kohat Road, Mohd. Qaiser & Abdul Ghafoor 1631 (KUH); Dera Ismail Khan Dist.: Pezu, M.A. Siddiqi & Zaffar Ali 3750 (RAW); C-7 Sargodha Dist.: Nurewali, Sakesar range, clay loam soil, Mohd. Qaiser & Abdul Ghafoor 4463; 4470; 4480 (KUH); 7 miles from Pail on way to Khushab, S.A. Farooqi & M. Qaiser 2743 (KUH); Jhelum Dist.: 4 miles from Serai Alamgir on way to Lahore, clay loam soil, Mohd. Qaiser & Abdul Ghafoor 2110 (KUH); Mogli, near Mount Tilla, c. 500 m, R.R. Stewart 704 (RAW); Gujrat Dist.: Kharian Forest, sandy clay soil, Sultanul Abedin 7596 (KUH); Rawalpindi Dist.: Topi (Ayub) Park, Rawalpindi, R.R. Stewart 28888 (RAW); Mohinder Nath 152 (RAW); Campbellpur Dist.: Khairi Murat, on lime stone, Stewart & Nasir 27915 (RAW); D-6 Dera Ismail Khan Dist.: Between Mughal Kote & Dera Zindan, S.M.A. Kazmi 1975 (PES); D-7 Sahiwal Dist.: Sangla Hill, Punjab plains, March 14, 1917, R.R. & I.D. Stewart s.n. (RAW); D-8 Lahore Dist.: Changa Manga Forest, S.M.A. Kazmi 3413 (PES); F-2 Makran Dist.: 21 miles from Mund on way to Suntsar, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 1930 (KUH); 30 miles from Turbat on way to Teerandezuk, S. I. Ali, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 1853 (KUH); Between Hushab and Turbat, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 1486 (KUH); F-4 Dadu Dist.: 8 miles from Sehwan, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 451; 460 (KUH); G-2 Makran Dist.: Sami, 24 miles from Turbat on Panjgore Road, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 855 (KUH); Between Turbat & Pasni, Abdul Ghafoor & Mohd. Qaiser 151 (KUH); G-3 Las Bella Dist.: Between Karachi & Bella, Sultanul Abedin 3633; 3670; 5238 (KUH); Between Uthal and Karachi, in dry seasonal river bed, S.I. Ali, Sultanul Abedin & Abdul Ghafoor 3747; 1291; 1305 (KUH); Between Bella & Jhaljao, S.M.A. Kazmi 911 (PES); Sonmiani, S.I. Ali & Sultanul Abedin 703; 705 (KUH); Beyond Hub River, Rocks, common, R.R. Stewart s.n. 8.2.1957 (RAW); G-4 Karachi Dist.: Manghopir and Hub Dam, Sultanul Abedin 5163; 3793 (KUH); Darsano Chano near Malir, Sultanul Abedin & Abdul Ghafoor 1371 (KUH); Malir Cantt., S.M.H. Jafri 2455 (KUH); Opposite National Stadium, common, rocky & stony ground, the smallness of leaves and flowers probably due to arid conditions of habitat, S.M.H. Jafri 1420 (KUH); G-4 Dadu Dist.: About 22 miles from Thana Bulla Khan on way to Karachi, Mohd. Qaiser, Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain 533 (KUH); Northern Hills of Thana Bulla Khan, Mohd. Qaiser, Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain 642 (KUH); G-4 Thatta Dist.: 2 miles from Bholari, pebbly, rocky dry place, coarse sand & loam, 27.12.1959, A. Jalis s.n. (KUH); Karachi Dist.: Between Paradise point & Cape Monze, Hilly area, Sultanul Abedin 50 (KUH); Drigh Road, A. Rehman 25720 (RAW); Karachi University Campus, Abrar Hussain, 1023 (KUH); G-5 Tharparker Dist.: 3 miles from Naokot on way to Diplo, Sandy soil, Mohd. Qaiser, Abdul Ghafoor & Abrar Hussain 3674 (KUH); G-6 Tharparker Dist.: Nagarparker, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqi & Sultanul Abedin 4469 (KUH).
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A suberect to erect shrub, up to 3 m tall. Stem with ash-grey bark, young twigs stellate hairy. Leaves 3-5-costate, almost glabrous to sparsely or densely stellate hairy on both sides, ovate-elliptic or obovate to almost orbicular, 0.6-4.5 cm long, 0.4-4 cm broad, sharply serrate, cuneate at the base, acute to obtuse, rarely emarginate at the apex; petiole 2-14 mm long, hairy; stipules linear-lanceolate, caducous. Flowers solitary or rarely paired, on solitary, antiphyllous, (0.6-) 1.2 cm long, hairy peduncle, white, rarely yellowish-white, 2-2.5 cm across; pedicel c. half as long as peduncle, stellate tomentose. Sepals linear-oblong, (1-) 1.4 (-1.6) cm long, c. 3-4 mm broad, stellate hairy outside. Petals linear, (0.8-) 1.1-1.4 cm long, c. 2 mm broad, claw much smaller than limb, with somewhat reniform densely ciliate gland, bilobed at the apex. Stamens numerous, filaments slightly shorter than style or subequal. Torus angular. Ovary 4-lobed, glabrous, rarely stellate hairy; style c. 8-10 mm long, clavate, glabrous, rarely sparsely stellate hairy, stigma somewhat cupular. Drupe usually 2-4-lobed, lobes c. 5-7 mm in diameter, glabrous, rarely with sprinkled stellate hairs, orange yellow with red-dish tinge.
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