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(Last Modified On 5/10/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/10/2013)
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Species
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Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L.-C. Rich.). Vahl
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PlaceOfPublication
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Enum. 1: 208. 1804.
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Synonym
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Verbena cayennensis L.-C. Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 105. 1792. Verbena dichotoma Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 23, pl. 34. 1798. Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) VahL. Enum. 1: 207. 1804. Stachytarpheta umbrosa H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI., ed: folio. 2: 227. 1817. Stachytarpheta veronicaefolia Cham., Linnaea 7: 246. 1832. Lippia cylindrica Scheele, Linnaea 17: 351. 1843. Valerianodes cayennense (L.-C. Rich.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 510. 1891. Abena cayennensis (L.-C. Rich.) A. S. Hitchc., Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 117. 1893.
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Description
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Herbs or shrubs, 1-2.5 m high, much branched; stems and branches subterete, varying from loosely pilose to glabrate. Leaves decussate-opposite, the blades membranous, ovate to elliptic, 3-7 cm long and 1.6-2.4 cm wide, obtuse or rounded (rarely subacute) apically, regularly crenate-serrate with subacuminate teeth, narrowed or obtuse basally and more or less cuneate-decurrent into the petiole, scabrate above with sparse strigillose trichomes, not at all rugos&, mostly glabrate beneath except for the appressed-strigillose veins, often brunnescent in drying. Spikes slender, flaccid, to 34 cm long, mostly glabrous or subglabrate throughout or only slightly pilosulous; rachis scarcely or slightly incrassate, the furrows about as broad as the rachis; bractlets narrowly linear or subulate, seta- ceous-acuminate or aristate, scarious along the margins. Flowers spreading during anthesis; calyx compressed ca. 4 mm long, 4-costate, glabrate, the rim 4-subulate- dentate, about equaling or surpassing the subtending bractlet; erect and half- immersed in the furrows of the rachis in fruit; corolla pale-blue to purple, hypo- crateriform, the tube about equaling the calyx, the limb small, ca. 5 mm wide; style included.
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Habit
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Herbs or shrubs
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Distribution
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On banks and hillsides, in thickets and waste places, on beaches, and along streams and roadsides, widely distributed in tropical America from Mexico and the Greater Antilles, throughout Central America and the West Indies to Peru and Argentina; introduced in Hawaii and in portions of the Old World.
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Common
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cola de millo gervao
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Common
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gervao verdadeiro verbena
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Common
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verbena falsa verbena negra
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Note
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Employed as a psudorific, diuretic, febrifuge, tonic, and stimulant, and used in the treatment of ulcers and yellow fever.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: In pasture ca. 2 mi. N of Gamboa and Boat Club, Lazor 3499 (MO). Hills between Rio Grande and Pedro Vidal, on road to Arraijan, 50150 m, Pittier 2705 (NY, US). Around Tabernilla, along the railway, 20-25 m, Pittier 2816 (NY, US). Hillside, west side of Canal, Balboa, Rowlee & Stork 985 (NY, US). In thickets, western slope of Ancon Hill, Wood- son et al. 719 (MO, NY). COCLE: Disturbed forest edges, hills NE of El Valle de Anton, 2000 ft, Lewis et al. 1790 (BMIC). PANAMA:: Camino de La Granja, Bro. Heriberto 167 (NY, US). La Exposicion, Bro. Heriberto 241 (US). Low thicket, Las Sabanas, Standley 24870 (US). Moist thicket, scarce, between Las Sabanas and Matias Hernaindez, Standley 31896 (US). Panama6, Hayes 723 (NY). Moist thicket, Taboga Island, Standley 27013 (US). Commonly in grassy field, Tumba Muerto Road, near Panama, Standley 29767 (US).
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